The Global Epidemic of Cesarean Surgery and the Feminist Movement :: Essays Papers

The Global Epidemic of Cesarean Surgery and the Feminist Movement Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland writes in a 2002 paper she presented to the XVIII European Congress of Perinatal Medicine, There is an ongoing epidemic of cesarean sections in Asia and Latin America. This worldwide fad of obstetrical interventions may have a skillful negative health impact on women. In contrast, the low rates observed in Africa reflect a lack of resources more than a consensus of providers. The moneymaking(prenominal) and litigation pressures that drive this epidemic need to be countered. Her medical metaphor notwithstanding, this is a serious wake-up call for women to be asking the question, What is going on that this phenomenon of major surgery on women is happening on such a wide scale? We are here faced with the polar opposite extremes in nascence. Seemingly, if a woman has too little prenatal care and education regarding birthing (as in Africa) she may not have the access to a Cesarean when she sincerely needs it and at the other reverse of the spectrum if a woman has enveloped herself in a system that relies too heavily on birthing technologies she may end up with an unnecessary Cesarean surgery. Other paradigms exist for birthing such as in Holland where every woman is provided with a midwife for her birth, and Brazil where the caesarean section rate tops 80 percent. Yet another microcosmic pocket of birth in the U.S. shows us that C-section rates can be achieved at below 2%. Such are the ranges of Cesarean birthing experiences and corresponding womens movements that will be explored alongside the politics of birth in this Birthquake query project.Literary Review In doing this project the literature drawn from is largely non-scholarly for the reason that I am prevailing upon the reader to think outside the box seat about birth. Most of the scholarly research that is available was written by doctors or nurses/nurse midwives wh o were trained in the medical model of birth. Since element of my put in is that the high rate of Cesarean sections is caused in part by viewing birth as a medical and therefore pathological event, and in part for its emergence as a capitalistic industry, it was then necessary to find literature written by people who have expertise in birthing though not from the traditional obstetrical/medical school approach.

Elizabeth Barrett Browning - Encyclopedia Extract :: essays research papers

Shilstone, F.W.(1996). Browning, Elizabeth Barrett. In World Book Encyclopedia (Volume 2, pp. 655-656). Chicago World Book, Inc.Elizabeth Barrett Browning was one of the known poets of her time. The oldest of twelve children in an upper middle-class family, she received no formal education, but a desire for knowledge enabled her to learn eight languages on her own. She began piece poetry as a child, and by the time she reached adulthood she had published four immensely popular volumes of verse. Though a longtime illness make her something of a recluse, Barrett was able to meet some of the leading writers of the day. In 1845, she began to receive letters from the poet Robert Browning, who, after five months of correspondence, paid her a visit. They fell in love, and when Elizabeth&8217s stern father refused to allow her to spend the winter of 1846 in Italy as her doctors had advised, she and Browning &8220married secretly there (Shilstone, 1996, p.656). In 1849, their son was born , whom they nicknamed Pen.Elizabeth Barrett Browning used many different emotions when writing her poetry. In the collection, Sonnets from the Portuguese (1849), Elizabeth let the love for her husband speak. The whole collection is forty-four poems written to Robert Browning. Aurora Leigh (1857) is yet another representative of love being prominent in Elizabeth&8217s writings. Another element in Elizabeth&8217s writings is statements about faith and her illness/death. In the finish line of her &8220most famous sonnet (p.656) Sonnet 43 Elizabeth says, &8220and if God choose,/ I shall but love thee better after death. In the 19th century, Elizabeth Barrett Browning helped to amend the sonnet cycle, which is a series of sonnets loosely connected by a common subject or theme.

Greed in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Gatsby and Greed In this day and age, money is a very important asset to have. One needs to have at least adequacy to live on, though great sum of moneys are preferable. In The Great Gatsby, by Thomas F. Fitzgerald, having a large amount of money is not enough. It is also the centering you acquire the money that matters. Gatsby and Tom both have a lot of money yet Daisey picks one over the other, not because of the difference in the amount they have, but because of the manner in which it is attained. To the main characters in the book, money is everything. Tom, Gatsby, and Daisey are all consumed by money and its prestige. Gatsby uses his money as a tool to bait Daisey back into his life by giving her a tour of his possessions inside and outside his house. Because Daisey seems to fall in respect with Gatsby again, it shows that she was not really in love with Tom, it was his old money that she is truly in love with. Money is important to Tom and Daisey because it makes them fee l superior to those who have less. All of these characters have been corrupted by their greed but the one person that has not is Nick, Daiseys cousin. He is nice enough to help Gatsby with Daisey out of friendship, not for his money. In the book, money symbolizes a favorable evil as it destroys lives of people corrupted by wealth. In the first chapter, Fitzgerald treats money as if it was a cookie cutter for social classes and tells how wealth divides the nightspot into different groups. For instance, East Eggers have inherited money whereas western hemisphere Eggers have newly acquired money. Tom is an example of an East Egger who has prestigiously inherited quite a lot of old money. Gatsby is a West Egger who by boot legging, swindling and doing favors for others, has acquired new money. The difference between social and economic classes is best demonstrated by the comparison between Tom and Gatsby. Tom was born an East Egger, which was something that Gatsby could never achiev e. No matter what he did, he would always be a West Egger. Although Gatsby could have been an economic equal to Tom, he would never be a social equal.

Essay --

Three Gorges Dam, the largest hydro magnate in the world, has claimed to be a confuse that gives hope to the people in China. Located on the Yangtze River, the third longest river in the world, the Three Gorges Dam is the symbol of Chinas technology and economic progress. For years, the government has claimed that it could benefit peoples living quality by amend the navigation on Yangtze River, providing hydroelectric power, and improving flood control. But does it true? Do the people in China get any benefit from this project? This paper will discuss about the environmental impact, the social consequence, and the current status of Governments plans toward the Three Gorges Dam.Flood control is the main land for building the Three Gorges Dam. Since Han Dynasty (300BC), flood has been killed millions of lives, and destroyed millions of acres of farmland and homes every ten years. Billions of money has been spent on recovering the damage. The Three Gorges Dam is meant to be responsib le for controlling the flood by changing the water height of the reservoir upstream from the dam according to season. It was planned to allow the water aim to reach 185 meters above the sea level during the dry season, from November to April, and reduce to 135 meters during flooding months in order to attempt to contain flood waters. (Biggest flood control,) verve production is the second major reason for the construction of Three Gorges Dam. Chinas demand of energy has been increasing rapidly that the Government have to specify ways to fulfill the huge demand. The Three Gorges Dam becomes one of the solutions in meeting the needs. According to China Three Gorges Corporation, the dam contains twenty-six turbines, each generating 700MW, consequently ... ...s very inefficient. Besides hydroelectricity, China has a lot of potential in other alternating(a) energy, like flap energy and solar power. The investment of these alternative energy could be cheaper and faster compare with the large dam. According to the China Academy of Meteorological Sciences, the potential of wind energy is massive, with 235 GW of practical onshore wind power potential and 750GW offshore. For the solar power, China is already a global manufacturer of PV panels which makes it likely to have a large market for grid-tied solar in the future. (Three gorges dam, 2008). The Chinese governments goal is to get 15% of electricity from renewable sources by 2020. With the strong financial and political power of China government, China could become the world leader of energy revolution while protecting the environment and human rights at the same time.

Observation Essay - The Barbershop -- Observation Essay, Descriptive Es

Observation Essay - The BarbershopImmediately I recognized that things were different, as I struggled to find a parking spot in the tiny lot hidden just off of the highway. The barbershop is located in an area too small to be considered a strip mall-and apparently too small to handle all of its customers vehicles. It is the third in a row of three shops, although the first, a former ice mosh/water ice business, was for rent. I knew that all of the drivers of the automobiles in the lot were in the barbershop, as the repair shop next to it does not open until 9 A.M. obviously all Saturday mornings here amaze with such a full parking lot. Once I found a parking spot, I was ready to begin my observation of the U.S. Male mens room Hair Care Center. I walked into U.S. Male tentatively, looking for a corner seat. Air coming through the open ingress chilled the shops interior, which was teeming with customers just fifteen minutes after the shop had opened. The stares from those already s eated in the shops green plastic chairs along the right wall, as rise as from those getting haircuts in the four leather chairs to my left, pierced me as I wandered over to one of the vacant seats. There were only two available, so I was stuck between a chair seating Outdoor magazine and another holding a man in his forties who was reading The tidings Journal and sipping a rapidly cooling cup of coffee. There were ten customers in all, and they all seemed ready for a wait as many came lively with equipment similar to that brought by the gentleman on my left. I was surprised by the lack of conversation amid the fairly large crowd, although I attributed this to it being too ahead of time in the morning to engage in any sort of meaningful conversation. Two... ...nted near the high left corner of the entrance to the shop. On the spinning gloomy band in white letters was written Hairstylist, rather than what I thought was the more appropriate title, Barber, since schools that train hairstylists are different from the schools that train barbers. I also noticed signs on the outside of the building, as well as on the billboard near the highway, which emphasized Fast-Service and Fast Walk-in Service. These signs also showed penetrating indications of the maleness of this shop. The L in the word Male on the billboard facing the highway had the barber pole drawn into it to stress that U.S. Male Mens Hair Care Center, as it is advertised in the phone book, was in fact a barbershop. I smirked when I noticed this, and I surmised that this was done to grow to men that this was not a salon. Salons are for women, of course.

Observation Essay - The Barbershop -- Observation Essay, Descriptive Es

Observation Essay - The BarbershopImmediately I recognized that things were different, as I struggled to find a lay spot in the tiny lot hidden just off of the highway. The barbershop is located in an area too sm only to be considered a plunder mall-and apparently too small to handle all of its customers vehicles. It is the third in a row of three shops, although the first, a former ice cream/ piddle ice business, was for rent. I knew that all of the drivers of the automobiles in the lot were in the barbershop, as the repair shop next to it does not open until 9 A.M. Apparently all Saturday mornings here begin with such a full parking lot. Once I found a parking spot, I was ready to begin my manifestation of the U.S. Male Mens copper Care Center. I walked into U.S. Male tentatively, looking for a corner seat. Air coming through the open door chilled the shops interior, which was sufficient with customers just fifteen minutes after the shop had opened. The stares from those alrea dy seated in the shops green plastic chairs along the right wall, as well as from those getting haircuts in the four leather chairs to my left, pierced me as I wandered over to one of the vacant seats. There were only two available, so I was stuck between a chair seating Outdoor magazine and another holding a man in his forties who was reading The News journal and sipping a rapidly cooling cup of coffee. There were ten customers in all, and they all seemed ready for a wait as many came prepared with equip manpowert corresponding to that brought by the gentleman on my left. I was surprised by the lack of conversation amid the fairly large crowd, although I attributed this to it being too early in the morning to engage in any sort of meaningful conversation. Two... ...nted near the high left corner of the entrance to the shop. On the spinning blue caboodle in white letters was written Hairstylist, rather than what I thought was the more appropriate title, Barber, since schools that train hairstylists are different from the schools that train barbers. I too noticed signs on the outside of the building, as well as on the billboard near the highway, which emphasized Fast-Service and Fast Walk-in Service. These signs also showed subtle indications of the maleness of this shop. The L in the word Male on the billboard facing the highway had the barber pole drawn into it to stress that U.S. Male Mens Hair Care Center, as it is advertised in the phone book, was in fact a barbershop. I smirked when I noticed this, and I surmised that this was done to prove to men that this was not a salon. Salons are for women, of course.

Construction Industry in the UK †Research Report Essay

SynopsisThis account statement provides detailed market analysis, information and insights into the UK construction perseverance, including The UK construction industrys growth prospects by market, advise type and type of construction activity Analysis of equipment, material and service costs across each project type within the UK Critical insight into the impact of industry trends and issues, and the risks and opportunities they present to participants in the UK construction industry Analyzing the profiles of the leading operators in the UK construction industry selective information highlights of the largest construction projects in the UKFor more details on the content of each report and ordering information please contact Phone+91 22 4098 7600E-Mail customerserviceresearchonglobalmarkets.comRelated Link http//www.researchonunitedkingdom.com/construction-in-the-uk-a-key-trends-and-opportunities-to-2018.htmlSummaryThe UK construction industry showed signs of recoery towards the end of 2013. The industry underwent a difficult period during much of 2012, revealing how svelte the recovery actually was. However, in 2013, production increased by 1.3%, and was up by 4.3% annually in the fourth quarter of the year. This growth was supported by government investments in infrastructure and affordable housing schemes. The industry is expected to record a forecast-period (2014-2018) compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.20%.ScopeThis report provides a comprehensive analysis of the construction industry in the UK. It provides Historical (2009-2013) and forecast (2014-2018) valuations of the construction industry in the UK using construction output and value-add methods divider by market (commercial, industrial, infrastructure, institutional and residential) and by project type Breakdown of values within each project type, by type of activity (new construction, indemnify and maintenance, refurbishment and demolition) and by type of cost(materials, equipment and se rvices) Analysis of key construction industry issues, including regulation, cost management, funding and pricing Detailed profiles of the leading construction companies in the UKReasons To BuyIdentify and evaluate market opportunities using our standardized valuation and forecasting methodologies Assess market growth potential at a micro-level with over 600 time-series data forecasts Understand the latest industry and market trendsFormulate and validate commerce strategies using Timetrics critical and actionable insight Assess business risks, including cost, regulatory and competitive pressuresEvaluate competitive risk and success factorsKey HighlightsInfrastructure investment remains a key strategy to supporting economical growth. In the 2014 budget, the government announced plans for a new garden city, with 15,000 homes for Ebbsfleet in Kent. In the 2013 budget, the government announced various measures to support infrastructure construction. Economic improvements and a declinin g unemployment rate are expected to support demand in the residential construction market. To increase the affordability of housing and support residential construction, the government announced the foundation garment of a Help to Buy Scheme (HTBS) in its 2013 budget. The first component of this scheme, which launched in April 2013, was the Help to Buy equity loan, where the purchasers of newly-built homes would be granted interest-free government loans of up to 20%.

Math quiz

GIF Emma is creating indue baskets with scented scoops and bottles of bubble bath. She has 15 scented soaps and 6 bottles of bubble bath. If she wants all the gift baskets identical without any items left over, what is the greatest number of gift baskets Emma can make? In preparation for a party, Dante is putting desserts onto platters. The chocolate cake is data track into 8 pieces and the cheesecake is cut into 16 pieces. If he wants to prep be identical platters without having any cake left over, what is the retreat number of platters he can prepare?LLC Alice and Christina are studying a set of new words for Spanish class. Alice decides to break the set into lists of 17 words. Meanwhile, Christina creates lists of 6 words. What is the smallest number of words there could be? Danny and karakul are fishermen who, by coincidence, caught the same number of fish this week. Danny caught fish in nets that hold 12 fish, while Karakul caught fish in nets that hold 8 fish. What is the m inimum number of fish each must have caught?Mug Hes Bath Shop sells bars of soap in boxes of 16 bars and bottles of soap in boxes of 19 bottles. An employee is surprised to discover that the fail sold the same number of bars and bottles last week. What is the smallest number of each type of soap that the shop could have sold? Race to simplify ciphers in this fast-paced game All you need to play is a deck of add-ins, paper and pencils. Shuffle the cards, and youre organize to get started. Simplifying fractions is an essential skill for every math student in the fifth read or higher.Students need continued practice with simplification in order to successfully add, subtract, multiply and divide fractions. Play this game again and again and work towards mastering this important concept What You Need Deck of playacting cards (with face cards removed) Even number of shams Paper Pencils What You Do 1. Create a fraction bar sheet by drawing a line across a piece of paper. 2. Set up th e game so that the players face one another. For each pair of two players, youll need to localize a separate fraction game board. . Shuffle the deck of cards. 4. Distribute the deck evenly between two players. 5. Have the players place their decks face cumulus in front of them. 6. To start playing the players should simultaneously turn over a card from their deck and place it on the fraction bar sheet. from each one player should place one card above the fraction bar. The cards above the fraction bar represent the numerator. 7. Then the players should place one card below the fraction bar. The card below the bar represents the denominator. 8.There should be a card above the bar and a card below the bar, giving you quaternity cards total. 9. The first player to correctly simplify the fraction shown by the cards wins all four cards. If a tie results, split the cards evenly. 10. If the fraction cant be simplified, each player should collect the card that the other player put down a nd position it at the bottom of his deck. 11. Play continues until one player has accumulated all of the cards. 12. Alternatively, you could set a time limit on the game. When time is up, the player with the most cards wins

Learning Organization Essay

The evolution of Organizational guideing has started in 1938 when John Dewey, in his book Experience and Education, publicized the concept of experiential erudition as an ongoing cycle of activity. But, how did this concept emerge? Or, what does it real mean for the transmission linees? In order to under book binding up this, we switch to analyze the problems and needs. The core idea behind discipline organization is that organizations of totally kinds leave non survive, let alone thrive, if they do not acquire an ability to adapt continuously to an increasingly unpredictable future.Or in other words, in order to survive and succeed for businesses, it is essential to establish or build stronger relationships with customers, where there atomic number 18 fastly changing, turbulent and/or mellowly competitive market. Through learning, organizations may be better provide to meet the challenges caused by continuous environ noetic turbulence. In addition, where products and processes ignore rapidly be copied, according to Arie de Geus, head of strategic planning department of Royal/Dutch Shell, the only real starting time of competitive advantage is to stimulate learning by employees.This may allow these individuals to identify new-fashioned bureaus of working more closely with customers, which in flip over permits the organization to differentiate itself from rival. However, the style of learning has to reflect the operational needs of the organization. For instance, a manufacturer which has adopted a transactional selling style would plausibly choose to point in a relatively stable market, produce standard components and steering primarily on offering up to(predicate) quality goods at a competitive price.In such(prenominal) circumstances, assuming that the organizational systems atomic number 18 based around repetition of routine procedures, the firm would probably be well advised to focus upon creating a single-loop learning environmen t as the most appropriate way fur sustaining employee development aimed at organizational efficiency. 2 On the other hand, in market situations where firms face periods of significant, discontinuous change and/or there is a desire to differentiatethe firm from contest with the adoption of a relationship marketing style, then possibly an incre psychical, more adaptive learning style, which is cal take double-loop learning may be more appropriate, so to involve the exploitation of new knowledge to evolve new practices, perspectives and operational frameworks. dactyl 1 Single- vs. double-loop learning. II. DEFINITION OF LEARNING ORGANIZATIONS Keeping in mind what we require so far discussed, now let us check virtually definitions of the Learning Organizations.Peter M. Senge, who is excessively named as the father of this concept, describes learning organizations as organizations where bulk can continuously expand their capacity to make up results which they rightfully desire. I n such organizations, new and expansive patterns of thinking be nurtured, and collective aspiration is int remove free. Individuals learn to learn to hurther. He declares Deep down, we are all learners. It is not only our nature to learn, but we love to learn. Chris Argyris and Donald Schon defined the concept of learning organizations through the help of the definition of organizational learning where the process of detection and correction of errors rules. 3 Moreover, how de Geus defined learning organizations is very remarkable Forget your tired darkened ideas more or s dead leadership. The most successful corporation of the 1990s will be something called a learning organization? The ability to learn faster than your competitors, may be the only sustainable competitive advantage. One rifle definition might be the one of Kim, D., a learning organization is one that consciously manages its learning process through an inquiry-driven orientation among all its members. III. FIVE DISCIPLINES OF SENGE I fork out already mentioned that Senge was called as the father of the concept of Learning Organizations. When he first promulgated his book The Fifth go over The Art & Practice of The Learning Organization in 1990, he caught a significant attention from academics and the business world. Peter M. Senge (1947- ) was named a ? Strategist of the Century by the Journal of Business Strategy, one of 24 men and women who have ?had the greatest impact on the way we conduct business today. Moreover, Senge has founded the Center for Organizational Learning at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1991 while he is also the founding chairperson of the edict for Organizational Learning (SoL) and a senior lecturer at MIT. Being maybe the most burning(prenominal), namely the person having the most influence in Learning Organizations I will study his so called five disciplines in my project.4 3. 1 PERSONAL MASTERY 3. 1. 1 Introduction to Personal MasterySenge say s, Organizations learn only through individuals who learn. Individual learning does not guarantee organizational learning. But without it no organizational learning occurs. The battalion are the main lively force in every aspect of the business. Since, race have their own will and mind, and their own way of thinking it is essential that they be sufficiently actuate to challenge the goals of growth and interlacingity. In todays practices, the manager should not be willing to dominate controlling, planning and organizing the workers activities.Instead they should be enabling the people in the business have their own enriching lives through establishing and maintaining the conditions needed. One should be living his own life from a originative viewpoint, so as to turn the life into a creative work. Personal Mastery is the phrase Senge and his colleagues use for the discipline of person-to-personised growth and learning. People with high levels of ain mastery are continually e xpanding their ability to create the results in life they real seek. From their quest for continual learning come downs the spirit of the learning organization. 3. 1. 1. 1 Mastery and Proficiency.There are two main underlying movements when in the flesh(predicate) mastery snuff its a discipline, one of which is always continually making clear what is important for oneself, whereas the other movement is to continually learn how to see the ongoing reality more clearly. It is vital to know where you are now in moving toward a desired destination. People with a high level of personal mastery share several basic characteristics, one of which is that they have a special sense of purpose that lies behind their tidy sums and goals. 5 For such a person, a batch is an aspiration rather than but a good idea.One other characteristic is that they live in a continual learning mode, where they never arrive. They know that personal mastery is not something one possesses, but is a process, a lifelong discipline. Those with a high level of personal mastery are acutely aware of their ignorance, their incompetence and they know, or better to say truly believe that the journey itself is the reward. 3. 1. 1. 2 wherefore We Want It We wish it because people with high levels of personal mastery are more reachted, take more initiative, have a broader and deeper sense of responsibility in their work, and learn faster.Kazou Inamori, founder and chairman emeritus of Kyocera Corporation and president of the Inamori Foundation, who holds a bachelor of sciences in applied chemis canvass, says that Our employees agreed to live in a union in which they would not exploit each other, but rather help each other so that we may each live our life fully. 3. 1. 1. 3 Resistance One of the issues against the personal mastery is the resistance, which in turn is a valid fear for companies in which the managers couldnt build a shared heap along with shared psychological models.It is useles s to have personal mastery as solely without other disciplines of the organizational learning. Thats why we always have to keep in mind that personal mastery must go together with a shared visual modality and the other disciplines. 6 3. 1. 2 The Discipline of Personal Mastery 3. 1. 2. 1 Personal Vision Most adults have goals and objectives, but these are not batchs. Thus, we can say that most have subatomic sense of real vision. When asked what they want, m any adults will say what they want to get rid of, as if they delineate themselves as given-ups, rather than grown-ups.Senge points that The ability to focus on ultimate intrinsic desires, not only on secondary goals, is a cornerstone of personal mastery. Vision is different from purpose, since purpose is similar to a direction, a general heading, whereas vision is a specific destination, a picture of a desired future. Vision is the image of your desired future. It shouldnt be confused with competition it shouldnt be isolated from the idea of ones purpose. It is something which has personal aspects along with material aspects, such as where we want to live and how much of nest egg we want, or issues like health or freedom contribute, relatively.3. 1. 2. 2 Holding Creative Tension One testimony of Senge says that there is something called the creative tension which is the source of energy derived from the gap between ones vision and where it stands in reality. This gap can push someone forward to get closer to the vision however it might also discourage some other people, so as to leading to feelings and emotions associated with anxiety. Imagine a rubber band, stretched between your vision and the current reality. When stretched, the rubber band creates tension, representing the tension between vision and current reality. What does tension seek?Resolution or release. There 7 are two achievable ways for the tension to resolve itself pull reality toward the vision or pull the vision toward reality. Which occurs will depend on whether we hold steady to the vision. Figure 3 Creative Tension Negative emotions caused by anxiety of the creative tension, shouldnt be realized as the creative tension itself. What Senge argues, is that after some time what we call emotional tension will arise due to the electronegative emotions. In such cases, we feel deeply discouraged about a vision that is not feeling and tend to lower the vision as an immediate so called remedy.It is clear that escaping emotional tension is easy but what we actually pay against is giving up something what we profoundly want, our vision. In the context of organizations we can say that goals are slowly lowered because of low tolerance for emotional tension. What we have to do is to understand thoroughly what the creative tension is and allow it to operate without lowering our vision only then the vision becomes an active force in personal mastery. The gap in between should be used to generate energy for change. 8 Master y of creative tension transforms the way we judge failure.It is simply an opportunity for learning. 3. 1. 2. 3 Structural Conflict The Power of your Powerlessness A research done by Robert Fritz has shown that practically all of us have a dominant belief that we are not able to fulfill our desires. This in turn, is an obstacle one should get rid off. These beliefs, which are mandatory as a child to survive, were taught us so that we learnt our limitations. Most of us hold one of two contradictory beliefs that intrinsically limit our ability to create what so called we really want.The more common belief is in our powerlessness, namely our inability to sire into being all the things we really care about, whereas the other belief focuses on unworthiness, that we do not deserve to have what we truly desire. Fritz uses a metaphor to describe how contradictory underlying beliefs work as a system, which he calls the structural deviation, the metaphor counter to achieving our goals, throu gh symbolizing the concept by another rubber band example. Figure 4 Effect of structural conflict to the creative tension.Later on, he identifies three generic so called strategies to cope with the forces of structural conflict, each of which has its own limitations. Accordingly, one is letting 9 our vision to erode. This strategy will lead to the sacrifice of what we truly want as discussed earlier. The second strategy is to conflict manipulation which is actually the strategy of people who mostly worry about failure. What they do is to focus on avoiding what they do not want to happen. This strategy makes one to spend his/her life in worry and fear.For those following this strategy, which is also called the negative vision, there is little joy in their life, even when they achieve their goals because this time they immediately tend to begin worrying about losing what they have gained. The last and most favorable strategy is defined as the willpower, where we simply psyche ourselve s up to overpower all forms of resistance to achieving our goals. Simply saying, motivating through heightened will. In the next section, we will discuss Senges strategy for dealing with structural conflict telling the truth. 3. 1. 2.4 Commitment to the Truth People a good deal want a technique that they can apply to solve the problem of structural conflict. But, in fact, being committed to the truth is far more powerful than any technique. So, what does it actually mean? It means a relentless willingness to root out the ways we limit or deceive ourselves from seeing what is, and to continually challenge our theories of why things are the way they are. The first critical task in dealing with structural conflicts is to recognize them, and the resulting behavior, when they are operating.This helps us to develop so called internal 10warning signals, such as when we find ourselves blaming something or someone for our problems. What Senge suggests in this context is that we have to work on developing skills to discuss such situations with the people involved without producing defensiveness. We shouldnt always act in a manner where we always think of what others have done in the situation, rather we have to shorten on what we can do. This in other words, relates to the fact that we have to understand, or better to say, realize the situation, the current reality in which we are, so to use this as a generative force.This has even been concluded in religions like Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Jewish, Buddhism. One example might be the rumor of The truth shall set you free. 3. 1. 2. 5 exploitation the Subconscious One of the most fascinating aspects of people with high levels of personal mastery is their ability to accomplish inordinately abstruse tasks with grace and ease. But, how does this come to happen? It is through the subconscious that all of us deal with complexity. What distinguishes people with high levels of personal mastery is they have developed a higher level of apprehensiveness between their normal awareness and their subconscious. point the daily activities of us like walking, talking, eating or putting on your shoes are enormously complex tasks, for which we have learned the required skills of the tasks, which in turn led that the whole activity gradually shifts from conscious attention to subconscious control. People with high levels of personal mastery focus on the desired result itself, not the process or the means they assume necessary to achieve that result. This allows the person in centering on the artistry of the result as well. 11In other words, we can say that we must work at learning how to differentiate what we truly want, from what we think we need to do in order to achieve it. In order to develop a subconscious understanding it is also important to commit to the truth, because when not telling the truth, most people create some level of internal stress. The principle of creative tension recognizes that the subconscious operates most effectively when it is concentrate clearly on our vision and our current reality. One effective way to focus the subconscious is through imagery and visualization.For instance, world-class swimmers have found that by imagining their hands to be twice their actual size and their feet to be webbed, they actually swim faster. amiable practicing of complex tasks has become a routine psychological education for professional performers from different areas of interest. A strict reliance on only conscious learning could never have achieved this level of artistry, even if there was all the willpower in the world present. Contradictorily, it had to depend on a high level of subconscious understanding.3. 2 MENTAL MODELS 3. 2. 1 Introduction to Mental ModelsMental models can be draw as the views and assumptions we hold in our minds about how things are and how things work. A psychological model is like ones way of looking at whats happening in the world. In oth er words, it determines how we think and act. Mental models depend on the past experiences, and the perception as a result of those experiences, and observations. In the introduction I had introduced the experiential learning, which was the style of learning through past experience and some other elements 12 like concrete experience, observation and reflection, and forming abstract concepts.Accordingly, a child without knowing that it might cut his hand might take a knife in his hand and try to push it in his hand. This in fact, will hurt him a lot. However, grown ups already know how to deal with a knife, so they wont do the same mistake as the child does. All the experiences learnt are added up so to form or build up the mental models. 3. 2. 1. 1 wherefore the Best Ideas Fail? From the business point of view, one thing which is known by all managers is that many of the best ideas never get put into practice. Even brilliant strategies fail to get translated into action.New insight s fail to get put into practice because they conflict with deeply held internal images of how the world works, images that limit us to acquainted(predicate) ways of thinking and acting. That is why the discipline of managing mental models ? surfacing, testing, and improving our internal pictures of how the world works- promises to be a major breakthrough for building learning organizations. Our mental models determine not only how we make sense of the world, but how we take action, namely they shape how we act which puts them into an active sense. But, why are mental models so powerful in affecting what we do?In part, because they affect what we see. As psychologists say, human beings observe selectively. Mental models also exist in the organizations, and also in management. Mental models could cause big losses in the business world as it can also prevent us from seeing the current situation. Loosing the Statess car market share to German and Japanese countries was a result of the mental models of the management, where they are prevented to see the situation because of their models in mind, and perceptions. 13 The problems with mental models lie not in whether they are right or wrong-by definition, all models are simplifications.The problems with mental models arise when the models are tacit-when they exist below the level of awareness. 3. 2. 1. 2. Overcoming The sanctioned Diseases of the Hierarchy In the handed-down authoritarian organization, the dogma was managing, organizing, and controlling, whereas in the learning organization, the new dogma will be vision, values, and mental models. In addition, in traditional organizations, merit means doing what the boss wants, openness means telling the boss what he wants to hear, and localness means doing the dirty stuff that the boss doesnt want to do.However, in learning organizations these concepts will get new understandings. 3. 2. 2. The Discipline of Mental Models Developing an organizations capacity to wo rk with mental models involves both learning new skills and implementing institutional innovations that help bring these skills into regular practice. 3. 2. 2. 1 Managing Mental Models Throughout An Organization A concept of scenarios should be adapted in pursuit of mental models, so to force managers to retrieve how they would manage under different alternative paths into the future.This offsets the tendency for managers to implicitly assume a single future. When groups of managers share a vomit up of alternative futures in their mental models, they become more responsive to those changes. 14 Mental modeling should be implemented as a philosophy. It is important to get down that the goal in mental modeling is not agreement or congruency. Many mental models can exist at once. What is important is that we have to consider all of them and test against situations that we confront. Only after the process works it leads to congruency. 3. 2. 2.2 Managing Mental Models At Personal and I nterpersonal Levels The learning skills of action science practitioners such as Chris Argyris fall into two broad classes skills of reflection and skills of inquiry. Where skills of reflection concern slowing down our own thinking process so that we can become more aware of how we form our mental models and the ways they influence our actions, inquiry skills concern how we operate in face-to-face interactions with others, especially in dealing with complex and conflictual issues. Reflection skills start with recognizing leaps of precis, which mean that our minds move at lightning speeds.Ironically, this often slows our learning, because we immediately leap to generalizations so quickly that we never think to test them. Namely, leaps of abstraction occur when we move from direct observations to generalization without testing. Here it is important to distinguish direct observation from generalizations inferred from the observation itself. To distinguish it, explicitly separate it fro m the data which led to it. A second technique from action science is the left-hand column, which in turn is a powerful tool for beginning to see how our mental models operate in particular situations.It reveals ways that we manipulate situations to avoid dealing with how we actually think and feel, and thereby prevent a counterproductive situation from improving. The most important lesson that comes from seeing our left-hand columns is how we undermine opportunities for learning in conflictual situations. Here, a process called balancing inquiry and advocacy comes into action. 15 Managers are mostly trained to be advocates. In many companies, being a competent manager means, being able to solve problems, figuring out what needs to be done, and enlisting whatever support is needed to get it done.In such organizations, employees are rewarded according to their ability to debate forcefully, and influence others, where the inquiry skills are unrecognized. Those rewards unfortunately c an bring the employees to managerial positions, where they suddenly face the fact that they do not learn while they should learn. Advocacy without inquiry between two people can end up in vicious circle. The more vehemently one argues, the more it creates a bane to the others position, so that the latter argues vehemently, which causes a threat to the first ones position, therefore, the first one argues even more vehemently.This reinforcing advocacy can be stopped by inquiring. Then it gives a adventure for the both split to understand each others conflicts, and reasoning. When in pure advocacy, people do not want to show the weak parts of their reasoning, and discard them. Definitely it does not bring any learning to us. Instead it brings polarization within the group. When operating in pure advocacy, the goal is to win the contrast however, when inquiry and advocacy are combined the goal is no extended to win the argument but to find the best argument out of all.This combinin g allows us to discover completely new views. What we have to keep in mind is that practicing inquiry and advocacy means being willing to expose the limitations in your own thinking, namely the willingness to be wrong. 16 3. 3 SHARED VISION 3. 3. 1 Introduction to Shared Vision 3. 3. 1. 1 A Common com crazeate A shared vision is not an idea, it is rather a force in peoples hearts, a force of impressive power. It may be inspired by an idea, but once it goes further ? if it is compelling enough to acquire support of more than one person? then it is no longer an abstraction. It is tangible.People begin to see it as if it exists. Few forces in human affairs are as powerful as shared visions. At its simplest level, a shared vision is the answer to the question, What do we want to create? Just as personal visions are pictures or images people carry in their heads and hearts, so too are shared visions pictures that people throughout an organization carry. When people truly share a vision they are connected, bound together by a common aspiration. Shared vision is one of the vital fundamentals of learning organizations, because it provides energy and also focus for learning.People should have something that really matters to them, something that makes them excited. A shared vision is not one dictated by that top management it only exists when people are personally committed, since it is their personal vision. 3. 3. 1. 2 wherefore Shared Visions Matter? In an organization, a shared vision changes peoples relationship with the company. What they so far called as their company, becomes our company. It helps to create a common identity. Only this way, a learning organization can really succeed. You cannot have a learning organization without shared vision.17 How can a commitment to the long term be fostered is the key question in efforts to develop systems thinking in management. People do not focus on the long term because they have to, but only because they want to. 3 . 3. 2 The Discipline of Building Shared Vision Shared visions emerge from personal visions. This is how they derive their energy and how they foster commitment. The management should encourage individuals so as to let them create their own visions, as was told earlier in this project. However, these visions are not the shared vision itself.This is needed so that it will be easier for the individuals to accept visions of others and work in the same manner. In this way, the synergy which will be open up is needed for the organization indeed. The shared vision shouldnt be written and taught to employees because this will establish a fear. Instead, everyone should adopt this vision and commit itself to the whole vision of the organization. 3. 3. 2. 1 From Personal Visions to Shared Visions To make it clearer, lets imagine a picture of a landscape. When you cut this picture into smaller parts, you will not be able to see the whole sight.However, if you have a picture of an ocean in whi ch all the organisms, like fish, plants, etc. live, and you cut it into pieces, you will free be able to see the whole sight because the vision of the ocean is the same in that part. Its like the shared vision. When you take the shared vision person by person into consideration youll see that they match each other and reflect the whole image. 18 So, it is the fact that when more people come to share a common vision, the vision may not change fundamentally. But it becomes more alive, more real in the sense of a mental reality that people can truly imagine achieving.Writing a vision statement, which is often a one-shot vision, can be a first look in building shared vision but, alone, it rarely makes a vision come alive within an organization. Another problem with the so called one-shot vision that was prepared by the top management is that the resulting vision does not build on peoples personal visions. Contrarily, it only reflects the personal vision of one or two people at the to p. The last problem might be explained in the manner as the vision is not a solution to a problem. Building a shared vision must be seen as a central element of the daily work of leaders.It is ongoing and never-ending. It is not truly a shared vision until it connects with the personal visions of people throughout the organization. Moreover, visions that are truly shared take time to emerge. They grow as a byproduct of interactions of individual visions. Experience suggests that visions that are genuinely shared require ongoing conversation where individuals not only feel free to express their dreams, but also learn how to listen to each others dreams. 3. 3. 2. 2 Spreading Visions Enrollment, Commitment, and Compliance There is a big difference between compliance and commitment.The committed person brings energy, passion and excitement, which in turn brings the synergy he does not play by the rules of the game, instead feels responsible for the game, and will not hesitate to change the rules of the game if they stand in the way of achieving vision. On the other hand compliant followers only accept the vision, but do not have a personal desire. They may want it in order to keep their job, or to get a promotion etc. , but they know that its not their vision at all. For an organization to survive, it must ensure that a shared vision with the commitment of the individuals is established.19 However, there are the types of genuine compliant followers, which may often be mistaken for enrollment or commitment. What then is the difference between being genuinely compliant and enrolled and committed? The answer is deceptively simple. People who are enrolled or committed truly want the vision, where genuinely compliant people accept the vision. They may want it in order to keep their job, or to get a promotion etc. , but they know that its not their vision at all. 3. 4 TEAM LEARNING 3. 4. 1 Introduction to aggroup Learning 3. 4. 1. 1 The Potential Wisdom TeamsIn order t o understand team learning, it is important to understand what teams are. The word team can be traced back to the Indo-European word deuk (to pull) it has always included a meaning of pulling together. (The modern sense of team, a group of people acting together, emerged in the sixteenth century) We define teams as any group of people who need each other to accomplish a result. This definition is derived from a statement made by former Royal Dutch/Shell Group Planning coordinator, Arie de Geus The only relevant learning in a company is the learning done by those people who have the power to take action.Team learning is a process of aligning and developing the capacity of a team to create the results its members truly desire. It builds on the discipline of developing shared vision. It also builds on developing personal mastery, for talented teams are made up of talented individuals. But shared vision and talent are not enough. The world is full of teams of talented individuals who sh are a vision for a while, insofar fail to learn. 20 Here we can discuss the terms unaligned and aligned teams. The fundamental characteristic of the relatively unaligned team is wasted energy.Individuals may work extraordinarily hard, but their efforts do not efficiently translate to team effort. By contrast, when a team becomes more aligned, a commonality of direction emerges, and individuals energies harmonize. There is less wasted energy. In fact, a resonance or synergy develops, like the coherent light of a laser rather than the incoherent and scattered light of a light bulb. There is commonality of purpose, a shared vision, and understanding of how to complement one anothers efforts.Individuals do not sacrifice their personal interests to the larger team vision rather, the shared vision becomes an extension of their personal visions. In fact, alignment is the necessary condition before appointing the individual will empower the whole team. Team learning is possible in every a rea, sports, business, performing arts, science, etc. It can even have extra ordinary results where the teams can be coordinated and even intelligence of the team can exceed the intelligence of its members totaling. In such an environment, team members can also show a rapid growth, than they could gain individually, namely constructing the synergy.With the changes in the organizations, team learning has never been that important. No matter if its a product development team, management team or cross-functional task forces. As they are teams, they are the people who need one another to act. The three critical dimensions of Team Learning can be described as 1. Insightful thinking is necessary for complex issues. Teams must learn to end up with one more intelligent solution when compared to each of the participants solutions. 2. sophisticated and coordinated action is vital.

R.a 9163 and R.a 7077 Essay

1. Research on R.A. 7077It is an act providing for the development, administration, organization, training, upkeep and utilization of the Citizen Armed Forces of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and for other purposes. This may also include civil police officers when needed to maintain law and order. It is known as the Citizen Armed Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act.Republic Act 7077 mandated the creation of the Reserve Commands in every(prenominal) the major service levels of the armed forces, namely the Philippine Army Reserve Command (ARESCOM), the Philippine Air Force Reserve Command (AFRESCOM), the Philippine naval forces Reserve Command (NAVRECOM), the Technical Reserve Component (AFPRESCOM) and the Affiliated Reserves or the AFPARU. Under these reserve commands, the Chief of Staff of AFPRESECOM was also created. To meet the mandates of the law, the world-wide Headquarters of AFP activated AFPRESCOM on April 01, 1993 and re-aligned the personal and facilities of t he defunct Metropolitan Citizen Military Training Command (MCMTC) to oversee the Reservist Program. It was the duty of this core group to go for in full force and effect the RA 7077 law and to provide administrative control and supervision over all the reserve units established below this act whose services and utilization are national in scope.2. Compare R.A. 9163 (NSTP Act of 2001) and R.A. 7077R.A. 9163 or National Service Training Program (NSTP) is a program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness and defense preparedness in the juvenility by developing the ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing training in any of its three program components namely ROTC, Literacy Training Service and Civic Welfare Training Service. Its various components are specially designed to enhance the youths active contribution to the general welfare. On the other hand, R.A. 7077 is a program that provides the base for the expansion of the Armed Forces of the Philippines in the event of war , invasion or rebellion to assist in relief and rescue during disaster or calamities to assist in socioeconomic development and to assist in the operation and maintenance of essential government or private utilities inthe furtherance of the overall mission.3. Which is more applicable and appropriate between the two laws on the present blot of our country? Why?In my opinion, the more appropriate and applicable law is the R.A. 9163. It is because our country faces fewer wars due to the presence of the ASEAN committee and other peace treaties. We no longer find war as a solution to solve problems between nations. Furthermore, R.A. 9163 incorporated some elements of R.A. 7077 such as military training and meliorate the law by adding Literacy Training Service which trains students to become teachers of literacy to out of school youths and Civic Welfare Training Service which is devoted to improving health, education, environment, entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and ethical motive of the citizenry.

Economics in construction

1. Perfect argument maybe described as a theoretical form of market place wherein no buyer or supplier has the capacity (or what is termed the market power) to control the market bell. Regular definitions of perfect ambition in economics describe it as a situation in which there is absolutely efficient outcome. The hypothetical situation of perfect competition is primarily conjured to build the fundamentals of the supply and demand theory.Totall(a)y contrary to the ideas of a perfectly competitive market is the idea of a monopoly, which maybe delimitate as a continual market situation within which there is only one supplier of a particular service or an item. incessantlyy(prenominal) monopolies argon necessarily devoid of both economic competition and the utter deficiency of substitute goods. a good deal a monopoly is sanctioned by the verbalize. Such a monopoly is called a lawful monopoly or a government granted monopoly and is authorized by the government so as to encour age firms to take up a particularly risky or ambitious project. Instead of allowing a certain firm to take up a venture in this manner the state might also keep the project all to itself. Such a situation will then be referred to as a government monopoly. (King, 126) contrary in a monopoly in a perfectly competitive market there are a number of minor suppliers and buyers who operate at fitted capacities in the market. Given their equal status neither of them manages to attain enough significance to influence the market in their favor. The firms in such a set-up are therefore price-takers rather than price-setters, as in the case of monopolies. Also, while a monopoly provides a particular, unique item or service to the market in a perfectly competitive market no firm enjoys any sort of individuality. Instead, each of their increases is quite give care the others such that there is no room for product differentiation.A monopoly die hards the sole provider of a certain product or s ervice by simply barring other sympathetic firms to enter the market by some means or the other. Often such means include government authorization, like in the case of legal monopolies discussed above. In case of perfect competition however no such entry barrier can be introduced. As a result any given firm can enter the market if it wishes to. Similarly, unlike in a monopoly in a perfect competition set-up all firms tolerate plan of attack to the same kind of resources all of which are completely mobile. In a monopoly of bod a particular firm controls (and occasionally even withholds) congenital resources and production expertise.Given the large number of close substitutes available for the products/services sold by firms in a perfectly competitive set-up it is only demonstrable that no single firm or even a group of firms have any separate about the market-price. The price of the products or services of firms in an arrangement such as this is duly decided instead by the mar ket, which in turn depends on the behavior of the buyer.A monopoly however doesnt remain obligated to the market in this manner. Instead, it effectively determines the market price simply by increasing or decreasing the quantity of its produce. Such independence is enjoyed by a monopoly simply because it faces no form of price pressure from opponents. However, there is a limit to which this liberty maybe pushed. Monopolies that raise their price far beyond permissible limits invite competition and may soon have to face rivals providing the same services/products either legally or even illegally. (Fl etc.er, 188)2. The residential locution industry might pretend to be a single, solid, well defined industry but it in fact is far from being that. As anyone who has ever had a firm made knows make a great house involves a number of things great plumbing, great carpentry, great painting etc. etc. etc. Given the large demands of building a residential outfit the residential constructio n industry does not represent one single market, like it appears to be but rather a variety of sectors.However, not all of them need to come into play in every residential construction project. Often a particular house does not need all the facilities the industry is capable of providing it with. For instance if an environmentalist who feels strongly about the use of wood in his house decides to build a house tomorrow he is hardly likely to employ a carpenter, irrespective of how easily he can shoot one. Similarly a family who decides to paint their interiors themselves will not need painters, at least to the extent they are usually needed by new house owners. Also, in many cases residential construction involves repairing old structures. This straightforwardly takes less effort and expertise than those postulate for building a house from scratch.As is obvious therefore there are a number of ifs and buts in the industry. We will take a look at some of these a little closely.Norma lly, specialiser contractors who have prospicient standing reputation in the field carry out residential constructions. These individuals take complete responsibility of building an entire building from scratch and cover everything from plumbing to painting. Once they achieve the contract however they duly sub-contract additional independent workers who assist and accompany their own crew.Contractors are frequently described as the king of the jungle in their own area. They are managers, salesmen, supervisors and directors all rolled into one. As a result of their unique capacity to use up in professionals of their own field under their wings these individuals soon turn out to be perfect monopolies by themselves. Often many of these professionals operate all by themselves in a given area, without any form of opposition or competition. Given their advantageous position they duly flex every attainable monopoly muscle they possibly can and obviously determine the market price of the services they provide.Similarly special service providers in the industry, such as say wood engravers or carvers who are both sophisticated and rare in terms of their skill usually monopolize the market and set the market price by themselves. Unlike them plumbers or electricians, who are found in plenty and whose skills hardly vary can never really behave in a monopolistic manner. Instead, their circuit closely replicates what can be called a perfectly competitive. Much like them painters and carpenters can hardly afford to be choosey or ultra expensive since they are easy to substitute.A good illustration of this point is provided by the use of lumber in the industry in the past decade or so. The U.S. residential construction industry is, by all accounts the biggest consumer of softwood lumber. However, the amount of softwood lumber available to the industry knock down dramatically following the restrictions that came to be placed on state and federal forests in the past few yea rs. As a result of this homeless lineage in supply a large chunk of the industry soon shifted to other alternatives available in the market.Amongst the 2,500 builders we surveyed for this particular study about 12.8% reported to have increased their use of alternative structural materials in the past decade alone. 99% of the respondents also confessed to having started to use at least one out of the long list of alternative structural materials that we provided them with. Till 1995 only 91% of the builders interviewed used substitute materials. (Kar, 145)While the decreased supply of lumber has obviously proved unfortunate for the lumber industry the construction industry itself has survived virtually unscathed. This is primarily due to the wide availability of materials such as reinforced concrete, plastic fiber, steel etc. which maybe easily used as a replacement for lumber.This example clearly proves the market for construction material itself therefore it maybe said to be a pe rfectly competitive market. With easily available substitutes, easy entry into the market and hardly any product differentiation it fits almost every indication of the perfect competition market to the tee.Unlike lumber and its alternatives however other important facets of construction are not as easily obtained. The expertise required to design a house for instance is far harder to replace than the construction material it is to be built with. Due to the utter importance of their job and how inordinately dependant on knowledge and skill it is, the architect and the whole engineering industry maybe described as a bit of a monopoly. It is of course difficult to enter their market, there are hardly any substitutes available (since the level of skill and expertise of each engineer varies from the other) and the engineers themselves tend to determine the market price of their know-how. (Lamb, 243-245)Thus we see how the residential construction industry of U.S.A. is actually a mlange of a wide variety of competitive markets and not a single market by itself. It is the proper functioning of each of these individual parts that ultimately allows the construction business to function properly.ReferencesFletcher, R Economy Beliefs and cognition Believing and Knowing. (Mangalore Howard & Price. 2006) pp 188Kar, P History of Indian Consumer Market Applications (Kolkata Dasgupta & Chatterjee 2005) pp 145King, H Fiscal Fitness Today (Dunedin HBT & Brooks Ltd. 2005) pp 126Lamb, Davis Cult to Culture The Development of cultivation on the Strategic Strata. (Wellington National Book Trust. 2004) pp 243-245

Ethics Awareness Inventory and Personal Values Essay

morality and values coincide with one a nonher. value ar determined by what is safe and what is wrong and morals is actually doing what is right and wrong. eitherday nation are faced with making right and wrong decisions. ethically we make decisions according to our beliefs, values, and awareness. Every decision should be made to do the right involvement according to the situation. In this paper I allow hold forth the difference between moral philosophy and values, and my values in my someoneal life.I will think over on the Williams Institute Ethics Awareness Inventory and plow my self assessment. I will also reflect on Kudler Fine Foods (KFF) values and how they organise with my values. Then we will look at how being a part of the management team up at KFF would affect my performance.Ethics vs. ValuesEthics refers to standards of conduct, standards that assign how one should behave based on moral duties and virtues, which themselves are derived from principles of ri ght and wrong(cite1). In set up to apply this definition to practical decision making it is required to specify the nature of the moralobligations considered intrinsic to ethical behavior.(cite1) thither are two aspects to ethics the first involves the ability to discern right from wrong, good from evil, and correctitude from impropriety the second involves the commitment to do what is right, good and proper(cite1). Ethics is an action concept it is not simply an idea to think and argue about (cite1).The foothold values and ethics are not interchangeable(cite 1). Ethics is bear on with how a moral person should behave, whereas values simply concern the various beliefs and attitudes that determine how a person act Running head ETHICS ken INVENTORY AND PERSONAL VALUESEthics Awareness Inventory and Personal ValuesSelisecia RoysterUniversity of phoenixManagement 521Christie MatthewsJuly 30, 2009Ethics Awareness Inventory and Personal ValuesEthics and values coincide with one anot her. Values are determined by what is right and what is wrong and ethics is actually doing what is right and wrong. Everyday people are faced with making right and wrong decisions. Ethically we make decisions according to our beliefs, values, and awareness. Every decision should be made to do the right thing according to the situation. In this paper I will discuss the difference between ethics and values, and my values in my personal life.I will reflect on the Williams Institute Ethics Awareness Inventory and discuss my self assessment. I will also reflect on Kudler Fine Foods (KFF) values and how they align with my values. Then we will look at how being a part of the management team at KFF would affect my performance.Ethics vs. ValuesEthics refers to standards of conduct, standards that indicate how one should behave based on moral duties and virtues, which themselves are derived from principles of right and wrong(cite1). In order to apply this definition to practical decision maki ng it is necessary to specify the nature of the moral obligations considered intrinsic to ethical behavior.(cite1) There are two aspects to ethics the first involves the ability to discern right from wrong, good from evil, and propriety from impropriety the second involves the commitment to do what is right, good and proper(cite1).Ethics is an action concept it is not simply an idea to think and argue about (cite1). The terms values and ethics are not interchangeable(cite 1). Ethics is concerned with how a moral person should behave, whereas values simply concern the various beliefs and attitudes that determine how a person act Running head ETHICS AWARENESS INVENTORY AND PERSONAL VALUESEthics Awareness Inventory and Personal ValuesSelisecia RoysterUniversity of PhoenixManagement 521Christie MatthewsJuly 30, 2009Ethics Awareness Inventory and Personal ValuesEthics and values coincide with one another. Values are determined by what is right and what is wrong and ethics is actually doi ng what is right and wrong. Everyday people are faced with making right and wrong decisions. Ethically we make decisions according to our beliefs, values, and awareness.Every decision should be made to do the right thing according to the situation. In this paper I will discuss the difference between ethics and values, and my values in my personal life. I will reflect on the Williams Institute Ethics Awareness Inventory and discuss my self assessment. I will also reflect on Kudler Fine Foods (KFF) values and how they align with my values. Then we will look at how being a part of the management team at KFF would affect my performance.Ethics vs. ValuesEthics refers to standards of conduct, standards that indicate how one should behave based on moral duties and virtues, which themselves are derived from principles of right and wrong(cite1). In order to apply this definition to practical decision making it is necessary to specify the nature of the moral obligations considered intrinsic t o ethical behavior.(cite1)There are two aspects to ethics the first involves the ability to discern right from wrong, good from evil, and propriety from impropriety the second involves the commitment to do what is right, good and proper(cite1). Ethics is an action concept it is not simply an idea to think and argue about (cite1). The terms values and ethics are not interchangeable(cite 1). Ethics is concerned with how a moral person should behave, whereas values simply concern the various beliefs and attitudes that determine how a person act

School Uniform

School reproducibles Should Students in Public Schools Wear Uniforms? Abstract champion of the well-nigh controversial issues in macrocosm tutortime is the give less(prenominal)ons furnishs. In 1996, the issue of crop sames was bought to the forefront in President Clinton State of the Union address. stack argue that provides lot act trails nearr and improve attending and increase students achievement. People opposing crop identicals argue that it has non been proven to spend a penny with discipline, attendance or the students achievement. The purpose of this research is to find off if civilise akins give work in solely elemental customary shoals.Do the students and their p bents want a diversify in their school district attempting to control m any(prenominal) aspects, attendance, academic achievement, self-esteem, safety and personnel? Interested in positivist changes in the students triumph and achievement whitethorn want to consider school akin i nsurance insurance policy in their school district. School Uniforms Uniforms in public elementary schools send word have an impact on the students and on the school system. The students bath focus more than on their classes quite a than societal factors that students focus on when in that location is no school same and the dress code is non strict.There is no competition between peers to outdo for each one early(a) when vesture reproducibles. some(prenominal) p bents grunt that provides argon too appeally for them, provided uniforms atomic number 18 actually more afford able and there be fewer garments to buy because anyone go out be dressed in similar attire. There are too ways to stand by low-pitched-income families with the cost. The school can set up funding for low income families to ease pay for the uniforms for their kidskinren in the form of donations, clothing vouchers, and support from the business partners of the communities this problem can be overcome.The thrift stores and uniform supply houses also cast down the cost for the clothing. These things combined can shake up it far less(prenominal) costly to purchase standard clothing than to meet the demand for designer clothing go againstied now. umteen private schools have required uniforms for a number of years and now public schools are adopting the school uniform policy. With Long Beach, California world the set-back large urban school district to compel uniforms to all students in Kindergarten by dint of eighth grade in 1995.In 1999, New York urban center compel uniforms in 70 percentage of their schools. In 2000, Philadelphia enforced the uniforms district wide and 60 percent in Miami and 80 percent in stops (Konheim-Kalkstein, 2006). Since consequently school uniforms in public schools are becoming increasingly favorite across the nation. Several other states have already implemented uniform policies in Texas, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Los Angeles, Michigan, Florida, Utah, Indiana, Louisiana, mendelevium, Tennessee, Virginia, and District of Columbia. some large public school systems including Baltimore, Cincinnati, Dayton, Detroit, Los Angeles, Memphis, Milwaukee, Nashville, New Orleans, Phoenix, Seattle and St. Louis have schools with either voluntary or obligatory uniform policies, almostly in elementary and middle schools (Brunsma, 2006). Advocates believe that the uniform policies have great pull aheads. They believe that it eliminates conflict over expensive items of clothing and has a business-like atmosphere to the school (Darden, p. 36).They also call up that the uniforms will pee-pee schools safer, improve attendance, and a high education achievement. By wearing uniforms in school they will be able to signalise trespassers and orbit a sizable example for the students who are serious about school work and their studies, and also discourages the activities of gang members and the tensions that result from wea ring gang clothing raise (Boutelle, 2008). Opponents feel there is not enough evidence to support the relationship between the uniforms and discipline or uniforms and students achievement. According to Brunsma (2006, p. 85), he suggest that uniform policies whitethorn just now serve as a band-aid in dealing with the problems of schools and whitethorn only provide policymakers a way to avoid making the endings required to straighten out public education. Now the question is, Would Delaware public elementary schools benefit greatly if this policy were adopted? Resistance is always a factor when trying to make changes. near parents and students may not want the school uniforms for a variety of reasons. If the parents and students realize that uniforms will benefit them in the long run they may change their minds.There are many advantages to school uniforms, including academic advantages, social outcomes, behavioral issues, safety and cost of uniforms. Research is needed because elementary schools will benefit more if they had a school uniform policy enforced. Literature Review School uniforms have been the cause of many jokes and harassment to those who wore them. In the past, public schools considered uniforms gray-haired and out dated trends, though recently many public schools are starting to implement and enforce a uniform policy.The implementation of a school uniform policy is beta if we are still striving to improve our students. The arguments against them are fading magical spell the positive reasons for promoting school uniforms are gaining ground. Some of the practical benefits are safety, cost, uniformity and violence in academics instead of works. According to Boutelle (2008), school uniforms in todays society promote school safety and invoke the attainment environment, and diminish the clothing completion (p. 3). School uniforms unify a school and answer the blending of the school cultures, instead of separating the students.Along with school uniforms there is a boost in academic performance. With the United States dropping behind other developed nation ranking in at number 18 of 24 (Boutelle, 2007), this is low for a nation that is spending a lot on education e rattling year. Students are losing focus on school and are competing for what the newest fashion or gadget rather than focusing on school these days. With the addition of school uniforms in American society, students can focus more on their classes rather than social factors that students focus on when there is no school uniform and the dress code is not strict.With the addition of school uniforms in public schools students are bonding in concert helping each other feel like they are accepted and part of a much bigger imagine than notwithstanding them. Everyone wearing uniforms also makes it very easy to recognize people who are not supposed to be there or can make an trespasser stand out in a crowd. The Department of Education gave out manuals to all of the nations 16,000 school districts with suggestions to make school uniforms mandatory and object lesson programs that are in a few public schools (Brunsma, 119).Reasons for implementing uniforms included reduce peer pressure, increase school pride, gear focus more to attainment, tending in discipline problems, and create a more work-like atmosphere with less distractions and expense. Schools that have significant problems are mostly likely to have school uniforms. Having a right(a) overlap of a zero-tolerance policies and school uniform policies do not need the security guards, metal detectors, sign-in policies, or the limited restroom time (Brunsma, p. 51).Many parents are faced with the dilemma of outfitting their children in the latest trends or putting cash towards more important things like sparing for their childrens college education. Some families are unable to afford the popular named tarnish clothing that their children desires, which make the children, feel inadeq uate in school when they are forced to wear lesser brand wearing apparel. Granted, the cost may be a bit more substantial in the beginning, but the uniforms will last longer which means there is less out-of-pocket expense for replacement articles.With uniforms, the parents may only have to purchase two or three sets compared to several pairs of bottoms and tops. Uniforms are more fixed and can be washed more frequently compared to regular clothes. This makes them the better option not only for refuse income families, but all families in general. Parents take aim that uniforms will cost the families more money in the long run because parents will be forced to buy the uniforms and regular clothing for their children to wear when they are not in school. The cost for parents may double that of just buying traditional school clothes.Although this is partly true that parents would be faced making spare purchases for their children, in reality, should still be spending less money. Sin ce uniforms are more durable, the parents only need to buy a limited supply and since the children will only be wearing their regular clothes outside of school, parents will not have to buy as many outfits. Most children wear out their clothes while in school. Since this is not an issue with the uniforms because they are worn during school hours only the traditional street clothes will last longer, hence saving the parents money in the long run.Also without the constant competition in schools, children may not feel the need to have the latest brands and expressive styles as they would if they were wearing the clothes to school on a daily basis around other social classes. There are some objections to having children wear uniforms in school. The most popular one is the price of the uniforms sometimes they may cost a lot depending on the company from which they are purchased. If the school does not go through a certain company but just asks the parents to buy certain colored shirts a nd pants, with no form f a logo on them, this would help make the cost of the uniform a lot less. Also, if the parents financially could not afford to buy the uniforms, then the parents would have to show proof of this and file for help with school board, which could provide them with a small grant to be used on the uniforms. In California, parents from low-income families are entitled to financial help and are able to percolate assistance in purchasing the uniforms (Konheim-Kalkstein, 2006). Lake Forest School District in Delaware does not supplement the cost of the uniforms to low income families but if a child is in need they do go case by case.The school nurse keeps uniforms on stock and the local church also supplies the uniforms (Ms. Lands). Todays style of uniforms is more relaxed than what they were before. The boys would wear dark slacks, white shirts and a tie and the girls wore a traditional blazer, white blouse and a plaid skirt. Now they can wear chromatic pants or bl ue jeans with a white T-shirt, denim shirt or skirts. The largest manufacture French Toast has more than 4,000 school uniform items (Anderson, 2004). On the FrenchToast. com website short sleeve dress shirts with collar for boys cost $9. 98, pants $16. 8 and for girls the blouses and skirts are $9. 98 and pants are $14. 98. If parents could get them on cut-rate sale they would rebelliously save money. French Toast has a Dollar in Uniform fundraising event going on right now if the parents order from their website than the school they discern will get a five percent cash back. not only do mandatory uniform policies for public schools offer the electromotive force for higher educational benefits and improved student discipline, school uniforms dissolve social boundaries between classmates. Students are no longer judged based off their appearance but by who they are on the inside.There is no more competition between social classes that these students may have otherwise felt and they work together as a team and share a common pride. All students will feel a sense of belonging. No longer will lower income children be labeled as poor based on their clothing. All children will appear as equals in the classroom and will be treated as such (Viadero, 2005). School violence can be greatly reduced by the use of school uniforms. With kids unable to noticeably tell or screw which kids belong to what gangs in school if any at all.Also, with uniforms its much harder to tell which kids come are wealthy and which kids come from needy families. This can salvage kids of the stress that social economic status can bring. With uniforms children blend, which helps kids see who the actual person is rather then who or where they came from or what their culture is or background. Stepping into any public school with a normal dress code during lunch is evidence of the different groups in a school including different educational and social statuses. Some school gangs separate themsel ves by their clothes.At any moment there could be a confrontation between any of these groups and now a conflict has started or worse school violence could happen between people. When something happens everything is stopped until the situation gets resolved whether its broken up by the school cop, teachers, or resolved between the people it happened between. Some of this can be stopped, as Bill Clinton said in his 1996 State of Union send I challenge all our schools to teach character education, to teach good values and good citizenship.And if it means that teenager will stop killing each other over designer jackets, then our public schools should be able to require their students to wear school uniform. In the beginning year of using school uniform Long Beach, California, the school officials found that suspensions dropped by 28 percent assault and battery decreased 34 percent fighting decreased 56 percent sex offenses decreased 74 percent vandalism decreased 18 percent and school crime decreased 86 percent (Brunsma, p. 36). With less violence in the school, more students want to come to school.Therefore more students would be more interested in going to school (Konheim-Kalkstein, 2006). RESULTS The school uniforms perhaps a means of improving our efforts to help students in becoming healthier, making them a better citizen in their community and being an interest in our society. Realizing that the success of this policy may depend on each individual school system and their needs, and knowing a school uniform policy is not good for every school is of utmost importance. The studies that have been done have lacked the evidence that supports the school uniforms. Some schools might benefit from a school uniform policy.When adopting a school uniform policy many schools also adopted other new programs at the same time. It was unclear as to what exactly created the successes that were notable in the studies. news School Uniforms affect schools in a better way, app ears that only when the school and community have done research and done their homework. The successful schools first compiled reasons for lacking(p) school uniforms and then decided if they were relevant or not. There were surveys taken of staff, parents and the community to find out what the level of support was for the administration if they had to enforce a school uniform policy.Several steps were conducting and it appeared to work for many school districts. It is important to listen to everyone concerning the adoption of a uniform policy (Brunsma, 2006, p. 116). slowly abject to give the community time to think about the positives and negatives of their decision is must. When wanting to implement the uniforms the style and nature should be considered as well the school register (McBrayer, p. 126). The students should always be involved in the decision making and choices, but they may not make the final decision.Parents and schools need to decide what is safest and healthiest for all and not just the individual. There were other changes incorporated in the schools at the same time the school uniform policy was adopted. Some examples of the changes that took place with the uniform policy adoptions were changes in the curriculum, new problems solving curriculums, more teachers in the hallways between classes, and new discipline procedures. Changes are continuous and therefore it is difficult to only verify on one at a time. It is a very difficult job for executives to develop safe and healthy schools.However, there are times that an administrator may determine a factor in the success of the schools dress code, no dress code, or uniform policy. Consistency is very important part of keeping the students safe. CONCLUSION For the support of school uniforms the research of evidence, or the lack thereof, it is recommended that each school districts review the information concerning school uniform policies. credibly what would be best is observing a school that already has uniforms. Members involved should observe a school similar to their own rural, urban or suburban, size of it and community standards.Members should also recognize and consider steps taken by other schools when they first enforced the school uniforms. It is very important to withdraw as much as they can about mistakes that took place at the other schools and consider possible successful alternatives. When putting a school uniform policy into effect everyone involved should have a discussion with the community including the students. Parents, students, administrators, teachers, support staff, and board members are all part of the community and should have a decision in the final decision.In the decision making they need to also discuss the prices of the uniforms and if there is going to be help for the ones who cannot afford gainful for them. The prox of our society depends on confident, inclusive, and caring people focused on valuing the skills, abilities and talents of all the decision makers. I believe that all students deserve a safe instruction environment. School uniforms might be the best solutions to the public elementary schools education needs to stop the competitiveness of clothes and create better learning environments in students achievements and positive social outcomes. Anderson, W. 2004, February). School dress codes and uniform policies. College of Education, University of Oregon. Eric Digest, 148. Boutelle, M. (2008, February). Uniforms Are They a Good Fit? Education Digest, 73, 34-37. Brunsma, D. (2004). The school uniform battlefront and what it tells us about American education. Maryland Rowman and Littlefield Education. Brunsma, D. ( 2006, Jan/Feb). School uniform policies in public school. Principal, 85, 50-53. Brunsma, D. (2006). Uniforms in public schools A decade of research and debate. Maryland Rowman and Littlefield Education. Darden, E. (2008, January). What Not to Wear.American School add-in Journal, 195, 36-37. French Toast Official School Wear http//frenchtoast. com/jump. jsp? itemID=0&itemType=HOME_PAGE&cobrand=www. frenchtoast. com Konheim-Kalkstein, Y. (2006, August). A uniform look. American School Board Journal, 193, 25-27. McBrayer, S. (2007, September). The school uniform movement and what it tells us about American education A Symbolic Crusade. Catholic Education A Journal of Inquiry and Practice, 11, 124-126. Viadero, D. (2005, January). Uniform cause? Schools cite benefits of student uniforms, but researchers see little evidence of effectiveness. Education Week, 24, 27-29.School UniformSchool Uniforms Should Students in Public Schools Wear Uniforms? Abstract One of the most controversial issues in public school is the school uniforms. In 1996, the issue of school uniforms was bought to the forefront in President Clinton State of the Union address. People argue that uniforms can make schools safer and improve attendance and increase students achievement. People opposing school u niforms argue that it has not been proven to work with discipline, attendance or the students achievement. The purpose of this research is to find out if school uniforms will work in all elementary public schools.Do the students and their parents want a change in their school district attempting to control many aspects, attendance, academic achievement, self-esteem, safety and violence? Interested in positive changes in the students success and achievement may want to consider school uniform policy in their school district. School Uniforms Uniforms in public elementary schools can have an impact on the students and on the school system. The students can focus more on their classes rather than social factors that students focus on when there is no school uniform and the dress code is not strict.There is no competition between peers to outdo each other when wearing uniforms. Some parents complain that uniforms are too costly for them, but uniforms are actually more affordable and ther e are fewer clothes to buy because everyone will be dressed in similar clothing. There are also ways to help low-income families with the cost. The school can set up funding for low income families to help pay for the uniforms for their children in the form of donations, clothing vouchers, and support from the business partners of the communities this problem can be overcome.The thrift stores and uniform supply houses also reduce the cost for the clothing. These things combined can make it far less costly to purchase standard clothing than to meet the demand for designer clothing worn now. Many private schools have required uniforms for a number of years and now public schools are adopting the school uniform policy. With Long Beach, California being the first large urban school district to enforce uniforms to all students in Kindergarten through eighth grade in 1995.In 1999, New York City enforced uniforms in 70 percent of their schools. In 2000, Philadelphia enforced the uniforms d istrict wide and 60 percent in Miami and 80 percent in Chicago (Konheim-Kalkstein, 2006). Since then school uniforms in public schools are becoming increasingly popular across the nation. Several other states have already implemented uniform policies in Texas, Georgia, Pennsylvania, Los Angeles, Michigan, Florida, Utah, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Tennessee, Virginia, and District of Columbia.Many large public school systems including Baltimore, Cincinnati, Dayton, Detroit, Los Angeles, Memphis, Milwaukee, Nashville, New Orleans, Phoenix, Seattle and St. Louis have schools with either voluntary or mandatory uniform policies, mostly in elementary and middle schools (Brunsma, 2006). Advocates believe that the uniform policies have great benefits. They believe that it eliminates conflict over expensive items of clothing and has a business-like atmosphere to the school (Darden, p. 36).They also think that the uniforms will make schools safer, improve attendance, and a higher education achievement. By wearing uniforms in school they will be able to identify trespassers and setting a good example for the students who are serious about school work and their studies, and also discourages the activities of gang members and the tensions that result from wearing gang clothing attire (Boutelle, 2008). Opponents feel there is not enough evidence to support the relationship between the uniforms and discipline or uniforms and students achievement. According to Brunsma (2006, p. 85), he suggest that uniform policies may only serve as a band-aid in dealing with the problems of schools and may only provide policymakers a way to avoid making the decisions necessary to reform public education. Now the question is, Would Delaware public elementary schools benefit greatly if this policy were adopted? Resistance is always a factor when trying to make changes. Some parents and students may not want the school uniforms for a variety of reasons. If the parents and students realize t hat uniforms will benefit them in the long run they may change their minds.There are many advantages to school uniforms, including academic advantages, social outcomes, behavioral issues, safety and cost of uniforms. Research is needed because elementary schools will benefit more if they had a school uniform policy enforced. Literature Review School uniforms have been the cause of many jokes and harassment to those who wore them. In the past, public schools considered uniforms old and out dated trends, though recently many public schools are starting to implement and enforce a uniform policy.The implementation of a school uniform policy is important if we are still striving to improve our students. The arguments against them are fading while the positive reasons for promoting school uniforms are gaining ground. Some of the possible benefits are safety, cost, uniformity and violence in academics instead of fashions. According to Boutelle (2008), school uniforms in todays society prom ote school safety and enhance the learning environment, and diminish the clothing completion (p. 3). School uniforms unify a school and help the blending of the school cultures, instead of separating the students.Along with school uniforms there is a boost in academic performance. With the United States dropping behind other developed nation ranking in at number 18 of 24 (Boutelle, 2007), this is low for a nation that is spending a lot on education every year. Students are losing focus on school and are competing for what the newest fashion or gadget rather than focusing on school these days. With the addition of school uniforms in American society, students can focus more on their classes rather than social factors that students focus on when there is no school uniform and the dress code is not strict.With the addition of school uniforms in public schools students are bonding together helping each other feel like they are accepted and part of a much bigger picture than just them. E veryone wearing uniforms also makes it very easy to recognize people who are not supposed to be there or can make an intruder stand out in a crowd. The Department of Education gave out manuals to all of the nations 16,000 school districts with suggestions to make school uniforms mandatory and model programs that are in a few public schools (Brunsma, 119).Reasons for implementing uniforms included reduce peer pressure, increase school pride, gear focus more to learning, assist in discipline problems, and create a more work-like atmosphere with less distractions and expense. Schools that have significant problems are mostly likely to have school uniforms. Having a good overlap of a zero-tolerance policies and school uniform policies do not need the security guards, metal detectors, sign-in policies, or the limited restroom time (Brunsma, p. 51).Many parents are faced with the dilemma of outfitting their children in the latest trends or putting money towards more important things like saving for their childrens college education. Some families are unable to afford the popular named brand clothing that their children desires, which make the children, feel inadequate in school when they are forced to wear lesser brand clothes. Granted, the cost may be a bit more substantial in the beginning, but the uniforms will last longer which means there is less out-of-pocket expense for replacement articles.With uniforms, the parents may only have to purchase two or three sets compared to several pairs of bottoms and tops. Uniforms are more durable and can be washed more frequently compared to regular clothes. This makes them the better option not only for lower income families, but all families in general. Parents claim that uniforms will cost the families more money in the long run because parents will be forced to buy the uniforms and regular clothing for their children to wear when they are not in school. The cost for parents may double that of just buying traditional sch ool clothes.Although this is partly true that parents would be faced making additional purchases for their children, in reality, should still be spending less money. Since uniforms are more durable, the parents only need to buy a limited supply and since the children will only be wearing their regular clothes outside of school, parents will not have to buy as many outfits. Most children wear out their clothes while in school. Since this is not an issue with the uniforms because they are worn during school hours only the traditional street clothes will last longer, hence saving the parents money in the long run.Also without the constant competition in schools, children may not feel the need to have the latest brands and styles as they would if they were wearing the clothes to school on a daily basis around other social classes. There are some objections to having children wear uniforms in school. The most popular one is the price of the uniforms sometimes they may cost a lot dependin g on the company from which they are purchased. If the school does not go through a certain company but just asks the parents to buy certain colored shirts and pants, with no form f a logo on them, this would help make the cost of the uniform a lot less. Also, if the parents financially could not afford to buy the uniforms, then the parents would have to show proof of this and file for help with school board, which could provide them with a small grant to be used on the uniforms. In California, parents from low-income families are entitled to financial help and are able to receive assistance in purchasing the uniforms (Konheim-Kalkstein, 2006). Lake Forest School District in Delaware does not supplement the cost of the uniforms to low income families but if a child is in need they do go case by case.The school nurse keeps uniforms on stock and the local church also supplies the uniforms (Ms. Lands). Todays style of uniforms is more relaxed than what they were before. The boys would wear dark slacks, white shirts and a tie and the girls wore a traditional blazer, white blouse and a plaid skirt. Now they can wear khaki pants or blue jeans with a white T-shirt, denim shirt or skirts. The largest manufacture French Toast has more than 4,000 school uniform items (Anderson, 2004). On the FrenchToast. com website short sleeve dress shirts with collar for boys cost $9. 98, pants $16. 8 and for girls the blouses and skirts are $9. 98 and pants are $14. 98. If parents could get them on sale they would defiantly save money. French Toast has a Dollar in Uniform fundraising event going on right now if the parents order from their website than the school they select will get a five percent cash back. Not only do mandatory uniform policies for public schools offer the potential for higher educational benefits and improved student discipline, school uniforms dissolve social boundaries between classmates. Students are no longer judged based off their appearance but by who they are on the inside.There is no more competition between social classes that these students may have otherwise felt and they work together as a team and share a common pride. All students will feel a sense of belonging. No longer will lower income children be labeled as poor based on their clothing. All children will appear as equals in the classroom and will be treated as such (Viadero, 2005). School violence can be greatly reduced by the use of school uniforms. With kids unable to noticeably tell or distinguish which kids belong to what gangs in school if any at all.Also, with uniforms its much harder to tell which kids come are wealthy and which kids come from needy families. This can relieve kids of the stress that social economic status can bring. With uniforms children blend, which helps kids see who the actual person is rather then who or where they came from or what their culture is or background. Stepping into any public school with a normal dress code during lunch is eviden ce of the different groups in a school including different educational and social statuses. Some school gangs separate themselves by their clothes.At any moment there could be a confrontation between any of these groups and instantly a conflict has started or worse school violence could happen between people. When something happens everything is stopped until the situation gets resolved whether its broken up by the school cop, teachers, or resolved between the people it happened between. Some of this can be stopped, as Bill Clinton said in his 1996 State of Union Address I challenge all our schools to teach character education, to teach good values and good citizenship.And if it means that teenager will stop killing each other over designer jackets, then our public schools should be able to require their students to wear school uniform. In the first year of using school uniform Long Beach, California, the school officials found that suspensions dropped by 28 percent assault and batt ery decreased 34 percent fighting decreased 56 percent sex offenses decreased 74 percent vandalism decreased 18 percent and school crime decreased 86 percent (Brunsma, p. 36). With less violence in the school, more students want to come to school.Therefore more students would be more interested in going to school (Konheim-Kalkstein, 2006). RESULTS The school uniforms maybe a means of improving our efforts to help students in becoming healthier, making them a better citizen in their community and being an interest in our society. Realizing that the success of this policy may depend on each individual school system and their needs, and knowing a school uniform policy is not good for every school is of utmost importance. The studies that have been done have lacked the evidence that supports the school uniforms. Some schools might benefit from a school uniform policy.When adopting a school uniform policy many schools also adopted other new programs at the same time. It was unclear as to what exactly created the successes that were notable in the studies. DISCUSSION School Uniforms affect schools in a better way, appears that only when the school and community have done research and done their homework. The successful schools first compiled reasons for wanting school uniforms and then decided if they were relevant or not. There were surveys taken of staff, parents and the community to find out what the level of support was for the administration if they had to enforce a school uniform policy.Several steps were conducting and it appeared to work for many school districts. It is important to listen to everyone concerning the adoption of a uniform policy (Brunsma, 2006, p. 116). Slowly moving to give the community time to think about the positives and negatives of their decision is must. When wanting to implement the uniforms the style and nature should be considered as well the school history (McBrayer, p. 126). The students should always be involved in the decision making and choices, but they may not make the final decision.Parents and schools need to decide what is safest and healthiest for all and not just the individual. There were other changes incorporated in the schools at the same time the school uniform policy was adopted. Some examples of the changes that took place with the uniform policy adoptions were changes in the curriculum, new problems solving curriculums, more teachers in the hallways between classes, and new discipline procedures. Changes are continuous and therefore it is difficult to only rely on one at a time. It is a very difficult job for administrators to develop safe and healthy schools.However, there are times that an administrator may determine a factor in the success of the schools dress code, no dress code, or uniform policy. Consistency is very important part of keeping the students safe. CONCLUSION For the support of school uniforms the research of evidence, or the lack thereof, it is recommended that each scho ol districts review the information concerning school uniform policies. Probably what would be best is observing a school that already has uniforms. Members involved should observe a school similar to their own rural, urban or suburban, size and community standards.Members should also recognize and consider steps taken by other schools when they first enforced the school uniforms. It is very important to learn as much as they can about mistakes that took place at the other schools and consider possible successful alternatives. When putting a school uniform policy into effect everyone involved should have a discussion with the community including the students. Parents, students, administrators, teachers, support staff, and board members are all part of the community and should have a decision in the final decision.In the decision making they need to also discuss the prices of the uniforms and if there is going to be help for the ones who cannot afford paying for them. The future of o ur society depends on confident, inclusive, and caring people focused on valuing the skills, abilities and talents of all the decision makers. I believe that all students deserve a safe learning environment. School uniforms might be the best solutions to the public elementary schools education needs to stop the competitiveness of clothes and create better learning environments in students achievements and positive social outcomes. Anderson, W. 2004, February). School dress codes and uniform policies. College of Education, University of Oregon. Eric Digest, 148. Boutelle, M. (2008, February). Uniforms Are They a Good Fit? Education Digest, 73, 34-37. Brunsma, D. (2004). The school uniform movement and what it tells us about American education. Maryland Rowman and Littlefield Education. Brunsma, D. ( 2006, Jan/Feb). School uniform policies in public school. Principal, 85, 50-53. Brunsma, D. (2006). Uniforms in public schools A decade of research and debate. Maryland Rowman and Littlef ield Education. Darden, E. (2008, January). What Not to Wear.American School Board Journal, 195, 36-37. French Toast Official School Wear http//frenchtoast. com/jump. jsp? itemID=0&itemType=HOME_PAGE&cobrand=www. frenchtoast. com Konheim-Kalkstein, Y. (2006, August). A uniform look. American School Board Journal, 193, 25-27. McBrayer, S. (2007, September). The school uniform movement and what it tells us about American education A Symbolic Crusade. Catholic Education A Journal of Inquiry and Practice, 11, 124-126. Viadero, D. (2005, January). Uniform effects? Schools cite benefits of student uniforms, but researchers see little evidence of effectiveness. Education Week, 24, 27-29.