The concept of attention Essay Example for Free

The pattern of guardianship EssayHow do you define the concept of economic aid? The psychological concept of management refers to the selective carry outing and concentration done by the brain. Attention is something that digestes on a peculiar(prenominal) aspect of the environment, while the others argon being ignored or unnoticed. The attention of the exclusive is that part of the dynamic occurrences in the environment wherein the brain is concentrated on.For instance, when taking an exam, the attention is centered on the exam itself, but not on the people passing by the windows. Hence, attention is a brain function that essentially centers on a contingent event happening around the soulfulness. Although ones attention may not necessarily on external and occurring incidents, but like the case of daydreaming, on things that are present on ones mind. The level of attention of an individual can also have its variation, from centralizeed attention to divided attention. there are also instances when this attention becomes sustained or un-sustained, or even selective. Dynamic neurological activities in the brain occur, which enables the person to generate a particular kind of attention.Can attention be consciously allocated to tasks? The attention of the individual can be consciously allocated to task, as the particular focus of a person can be something that is fine-tuned or dictated by the brain. As was mentioned, different levels and types of attention can occur, and tasks are effectively done if there is focused attention. beingness primarily a neurological function, attention therefore can be a conscious effort by the individual, and if one so desires to focus attention on a task, then it is a possibility. The mere desire to commit to a task creates a certain kind of stimulus that signals the brain to focus on such task. This focused attention hence enables the individual to allocate oneself to that task dictated and determined by ones consc iousness. The opposite of attention is being confused or distracted, and these psychological states can be something that is uncontrollable or unmanageable, in cases wherein the person has high physical stress or admixture disorders. In such cases, then committing ones attention to a task would be a tedious and difficult task, as there are other neurological activities occurring in the brain. This therefore removes ones focused attention, and the attention becomes divided or alternating.What is the relationship between attention and cognition? The concept of attention is in fact a cognitive process, and in this sense, attention then plays an important role in cognition. Cognition would ultimately be dependent on the focused attention of the individual, as this would determine the information processing and brain function of the person. In addition, attention is argued to have connections to the working memory which enables the process of recognition and retention, depending on the attention level of the individual. Scientific studies would show the neurological functions are triggered or have direct relationship to the ability of the person to focus his/her attention in a particular task, which then establishes the relationship between cognition and attention. Cognitive processes can only have effective and sustained outcomes if the individual has focused attention.ReferencesMyers, David. (2008). Exploring Psychology. New York Worth Publishers.Styles, Elizabeth. (2006). The Psychology of Attention. Hove Psychology Press.Willingham, Daniel. (2006). Cognition The Thinking Animal, 3rd Edition. United States Prentice Hall.

Causes and Spread of Infection Essay Example for Free

Causes and Spread of Infection Essay1.1Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasitesBacteria are a single celled organism that multiplies by themselves. The majority of bacterias are harmless and beneficial to the human body nevertheless some can make up infectious diseases. A bacterium usually affects one part of the body and doesnt spread across or through the body. Bacterial infections are normally treated with a take a crap of antibioticsViruses are made up of genes and proteins that spread throughout the body by invading the bodys own cells so they can reproduce and regurgitate in the body. They use the bodys cells as a host because they are unable to multiply on their own. They are normally spread at one time from human to human.Fungi like to grow in warm, moist places. Some fungi can be beneficial to us such as penicillin, but certain cases of fungi can be harmful to our health. Symptoms for fungal diseases can be as common as itching, coug hing, fever, wheezing, but they can also be as serious as meningitis or even death.Parasites are organisms that use other organism for its survival. They draw nourishment and other needs from its host organism. Parasites that cause infection and disease are known as Pathogenic parasites.1.2. Identify common illnesses and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasitesBacteria Ecoli/food poisoning, MRSA, CDIF, Sickness and diarrhea Viruses putting green cold, Influenza, Chicken pox, Cold sores, HIV Fungi Athletes foot, Thrush, yeast infections, Ring Worm Parasites Tape worms, Scabies, Malaria1.3 Describe what is meant by infection and colonisationInfection is an invasion of a host organisms and bodily tissues by a disease causing organism. Colonisation occurs when any one or more species populate a specific area.1.4 develop what is meant by systemic infection and localized infectionSystemic infection affects a number of organs or tissues or affects the whole body e.g . type 2 diabetes, aids and hyper tension. Localized infection confined to one organ system or area in the body e.g. abscess, boil, sprain.1.5 Identify poor practices that may lead to the spread of infectionNot wearing personal protective equipment such as disposable gloves, disposable aprons, washing hands and disposing of clinical crazy in the correct way.

Observation of a Child | Methods and Findings

Observation of a Child Methods and FindingsIntroductionThis assignment has disposed me the opportunity to facilitate the development of my research skills using expression techniques on a focus child, and gathered inclusive resources to design and implement appropriate educational program to assist and meet the development and acquire needs of the child. The real identity of the child provide non be mentioned and the any information that impart be collected in this assignment entrust be kept confidential.Case StudyBackground InformationBen is 4 old age old. He has been with the give lessons since he was three. Ben is the youngest child in the family. He stays with his p atomic number 18nts, an older brother and a disher. His brother is two years elder than him and both of them attends the same schooldays. Ben attends the to the full day program in school. Ben seldom eng ripens in brotherly interaction with his friends. He does not initiate or joins in for converge. The instructors in his class sweat to encourage through communicatory communication but he does not seem to show interest. His parents are aware of Bens development in school and they are concern about his fond skills. His mother have shared previously that Ben dis mulcts sign of Autism but she felt that it was too early to bring him for assessment. Currently, Ben attends rescue therapy session, thrice a week which he started earlier this year. Ben enjoys tactical manoeuvreing with animals and outdoor play. There are twenty quintuple children in Bens class, together with the broadcast Specialist, an English Teacher and a Chinese Teacher.Literature ReviewSocial development depends on individuals acquisition of the many behaviors that helped one to be able to live in the society with their family and friends (Allen Cowdery, 2012). Planning for effective actions for improving early accessible behaviour in autism has been identified as a life-sustaining need for research due to the early signs of the symptoms and their conjectured role in their development (Cunningham, 2012). This does not only apply to this learning need, nevertheless, it applies to anyone who needs to receive additional endorse in social behaviour skill. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) faced challenges with social communication and play skills and these are the mall features of the disorder (Dykstra, Boyd, Watson, Crais, Baranek, 2012).According to Bruner, early social-communication buns be theorized into three related communicative functions social interaction, behaviour regulation and joint attention (Dykstra et al., 2012). Children with ASD will display deficiencies in these areas compared to typically developing children (Dykstra et al., 2012). Similarly, children with ASD show differences in quality and quantity of play when compared to typically developing children (Dykstra et al., 2012). In addition, research has proven that both social-communication and play ski lls plays an important role in developing actors line and social interaction skills (Dykstra et al., 2012).Evidence advises that social, stirred and behaviour problems will rise if the children did not receive any early intervention (Webster-Stratton, Reid, 2004). Guiding social and emotional skills to children who are at risk can lead to better behaviour in the child, inclusion with prosocial peer groups and achievement in academic (Webster-Stratton, Reid, 2004).To achieve these outcomes, the preschool age would be an appropriate time for the children to receive early intervention to facilitate social competence and reduce any inappropriate behaviour before it becomes a permanent patter (Webster-Stratton, Reid, 2004). Parents involvement in their childs education affects their social competence. Children are likely able to handle their self-regulation and respond appropriately when their parents are emotionally positive and attend to prosocial behaviours (Webster-Stratton, Re id, 2004).Approaches to ObservationBefore I commence on my observations, I went around asking the teachers in school about Ben. I remained unbiased towards any opinions about him during my enquiring. I also look through his previous years portfolio to find out his abilities in physical, cognitive, emotional and social domains. With the raw data which I have collected, I decided to observe Bens self-help skills and his social skills.In all, I payed four observations. I was a non-participant in observation A and B, whilst for observations C and D I was a participant in observations. Whether I am a non-participant or a participant in my observations, the amount of involvement will vary substantial (Sociology Guide, 2014). Thus, I tried to balance my observations as a participant and non-participant to ensure that the data collected is true. The observation testifys are as follows28 February 2014Observation A was made in the morning during Circle Time in the classroom. Their teacher w as reading a accounting to the class, followed by a phonics activity. The duration of the observations was forty-five minutes. anecdotical record was used.6 treat 2014Observation B was made during their creative play and it lasted for thirty five minutes. In this observation, I used running record to observe Ben. On the same day, his shower routine is being observed for thirty minutes.7 March 2014Observation C was done during arrival and Piazza time where children gathered in the piazza to engage play with other children from all levels. It lasted for thirty minutes. Anecdotal record was used.12 March 2014Observation D was conducted during shower time in the toilet for near thirty minutes. I was figured during the routine and anecdotal record was used.Ethical Procedures FollowedFirstly, I seek approval from my Centre Director to allow me to conduct my research in Bens class. I shared briefly explained to her the manipulation of this research. She confirmed the approval by acknow ledging the application form. As Ben is not from my class, I need to seek consent from his class teacher through my Centre Director. later on confirmation, she arranges a meet up with the Curriculum Specialist in the class and I furthered shared with them on how I am going to use and conduct my observations. To avoid any disruptions in their class activities, I informed them the dates and the activities that I will be coming in to observe Ben. Through this meet up, we advertise a climate of openness and transparency, support and co-operate in the provision and best interest of all participants (Association for beforehand(predicate) Childhood Educators capital of Singapore, n.d.).During the process of consulting the parents for consensus, the class teachers advise me that she will speak to the parent on my behalf first. This is because they have built up relationships and I may not be familiar with the parents. When Bens parents have agreed to participate in this research, I furthe red explained to them the procedures that I will be taking and at any point of time, they can choose not to allow Ben to participate and they can withdraw the research at any point of time. Both teachers and parents have also been notified that the confidentiality of information will be kept disclosed.Due to shortage of manpower, I have been helping Bens class for a few weeks prior to this research task. This has facilitated me to be more familiar with the children. As a professional educator, I respect childrens rights. Smith (2007) suggested that rights are acknowledged as cultural constructions about the essential entitlements for children (p.3). Early childhood researchers in the world are really supportive of respecting childrens voices and opinions to be heard (Conroy Harcourt, 2009). In Association for Early Childhood Educators Singapore (AECES), it is mentioned educators should recognize the individuality of every child and having their rights to express their thoughts is vital (AECES, n.d.).Thus, I will inform the children the research that I will be conducting and seek informed assent from the children. Every response from them will be wanted in my study.How Data were AnalysedThe observations were analyzed based on thematic compendium. Thematic analysis emphasizes on patterns of behaviour or classifiable themes (Aronson, 1994). Thematic analysis provides core skills that will be an advantage for conducting qualitative analysis (Braun Clarke, 2006). To be able to post the themes, I looked through the data and grouped the recurring patterns together.First of all, I gathered all data and identify all relevant information and relate to the repeated pattern. For an example, I make a list of actions or actors line which Ben has exhibited such as plays alone, walks away from friends or does not engage in play with friends. Then I began to combine and list the related patterns into themes. These themes will be supported by related literature to constr uct a valid argument (Aronson, 1994).In addition, I also looked at the learning goals in the Kindergarten Curriculum Framework produced by Ministry of nurture in Singapore to see if Ben is able to achieve the learning goals. This curriculum framework provides me a guide on milestones based on the age ranging from four years old to six years old.Findings Showing Areas of Additional Education and Developmental NeedsBased on the observation data gathered, Ben has shown developmental needs in these two themes Self-help Skills Dressing Up and Lack of Social Interaction in Play.Self-help Skills Dressing UpFrom my observations B and D, Ben seems to have difficulty in putting on his t-shirt and shorts after shower. His teacher will put on his diaper for him and thereafter his teacher will ask him to put on his pants. On the two occasions, Bens both legs were stuck on one side of the pants. He displays frustration when he could not achieve the task. When he faces desperation, he shouted, help When putting on his t-shirt, he will bring the t-shirt to his teacher and said, Please? Before shower, Ben needs help to undress his uniform with assistance and minimal assistance is needed when he removes his pants.Establishing self-help skills such as salad dressing, feeding or personal hygiene leads to greater independence. This is a goal which all children, especially for children with disability who need to learn to live independently (Allen Cowdery, 2012). Self-helps skills can also intersect with the learning areas such as social skills and cognitive skills (Technical Assistance and Training System, 2010).Based on guidelines given by Cook, Klein Tessier (2008) children are able to undress without help at two to three years old. Even though we do refer age appropriateness in childrens development, we similarly have to look at individual appropriateness of the child. case-by-case appropriateness discusses how the each childs develop based on their ways of learning, per sonality, physical growth, family background and culture ((Technical Assistance and Training System, 2010).With Bens on-going speech therapy sessions, he certainly has shown improvement on his communication, based on the data I gathered from my observations on Ben and my conversations with the teachers I have queried.To assist Ben with his dressing up skills, I will implement forward chaining technique to help Ben in his dressing up skills. The dressing up task will be broken down into simple manageable standards. Ben will only move on to the second step only if he has accomplished the first step of putting on pants.Lack of Social Interaction in PlayFrom Observation C, Ben was observed to be engaged in solitary play. When he arrived, he dropped his bag at the entrance of the door and walked straight to the shelf where animals figurines were placed. He took two tiger figurines and began to play. I walked over and asked him what the tigers are doing. He replied, Walking. and he go on to walk around the piazza and attempted to imitate the movement of a tiger. In Observation B, the children in Bens were engaged in creative play where they were free to choose a corner to play. Ben picked the blocks corner and sat down to play. He was also observed in playing by himself, even though his friends are near him. He displays little social interaction with his friends during playtime.According to Jerome Bruner, he emphasized the social environment as nature of learning in which adults should help a child to develop skills through the process of scaffolding (McLeod, 2012). Likewise in Vygotskys theory, the growth of a child derives from the interactions between children and their social environment (Tools of the Mind, 2013). Thus, it is critical for Ben to be engaged in social interaction with his peers to scaffolding his learning in other areas. Social skills influence other learning areas of development and vice versa (Allen Cowdery, 2012). Thus, it is critical for B en to acquire social skills. This is a skill which cannot be forced as it is an on-going learning journey throughout a lifespan. To bring up social interactions for Ben, some strategies can be plan and implemented for Ben in an inclusive education environment. This will be discussed further in the Individual Education Plan (IEP).Individual Education PlanChild NameBenChildcare/KindergartenThe Global PreschoolDate of birth3 March 2010Year Level4Date of Plan17 March 2014Any services currently working with the child eg PhysiotherapistBen is currently working with a speech therapist. He attends the session three times a week.Recourses/ProgramNo program at the momentPurposeFunding sourceNo Funding allude Person Phone NumberLength of AvailabilityUnderstanding the childChilds skills, strengths, preferences, abilities and motivationsBen likes to go for outdoor play. He likes to go to the playground and play tricycle. He likes to play with animal figurines and he is able to name the animals .Academic progress of the childBen is able to identify the letters of the alphabet and able to identify words associated with the letter. He is able to count from 1 20.Social skills and relationships of the childHe also displays minimal social interaction with peers. However, Ben enjoys receiving hugs from his teachers.Nature of attendance and combatBens attendance is regular and he seldom missed the lessons unless he goes for his speech therapy. Ben displays difficulty in engaging play with his friends.Education Plan refinementsBarriers to achieving GoalStrengths related to GoalStrategies to achieve GoalActions and Time-lineTo be able to dress himself mainly shorts and t-shirt with minimal assistanceBen may display frustrations or tantrums and might be distracted from the environmentBen likes to observe what his peers are doing and this may help him to achieve the goal.Breaking the stages into smaller and attainable steps for Ben through verbal communication.The teachers have bee n communicated on the steps for Ben to achieve. This will be consistent so in order Ben to receive the same information even if a dissimilar teacher helps with the routine.Time line Three monthsTo be engage in play with his friend.Ben prefers to play alone.He usually walks away from his friends.Ben will engage in play with his friends when they are playing animals.Engage a buddy for Ben. Ben will be with his buddy during play time.Teachers have to keep on encouraging and inviting Ben to play with his friends.Time line Four monthsReview dateAugust 2014Reference ListAllen, K. E., Cowdery, G. E. (2012). The exceptional child Inclusion in early childhood education. (7 ed.). Singapore Cengage Learning.Aronson, J. (1994). A pragmatic view of thematic analysis. The qualitative report, 2(1), 1-3.Association for Early Childhood Educators (Singapore. (n.d.). Guidelines for professional responsibilities in early childhood education. Retrieved from http//www.aeces.org/files/pdf/coe.pdfBraun, V., Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.Cook, R.E., Klein, M.D., Tessier, A. (2008). Adapting early childhood curricula for children with special needs (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Prentice HallConroy, H. Harcourt, D. (2009). aware agreement to participate beginning the partnership with children in research. Early Child Development and Care,179(2), 157-165.Cunningham, A. B. (2012). Measuring change in social interaction skills of young children with autism. ledger of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(4), 593-605.Dykstra, J. R., Boyd, B. A., Watson, L. R., Crais, E. R., Baranek, G. T. (2012). The impact of the Advancing Social-communication And Play (ASAP) intervention on preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 16(1), 27-44.McLeod, S. (2012). Bruner. Retrieved from http//www.simplypsychology.org/bruner.htmlSmith, A. (2007).Childrens rights and early childhood education Links to theory and advocacy. Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 32(3), 1-7.Sociology Guide. (2014). Observation Participant and non-participant. Retrieved from http//www.sociologyguide.com/research-methodsstatistics/observation.phpTechnical Assistance and Training System. (2010). Developmentally appropriate practice adaptive/self-help skills. Retrieved from http//www.tats.ucf.edu/docs/eUpdates/Curriculum-14.pdfTools of the Mind. (2013). Vygotskian approach. Retrieved from http//www.toolsofthemind.org/philosophy/vygotskian-approach/Webster-Stratton, C., Reid, M. J. (2004). Strengthening social and emotional competence in young children-The foundation for early school readiness and success Incredible Years classroom social skills and problem-solving curriculum. Infants Young Children, 17(2), 96-113.AppendicesAppendix 1Appendix 2Appendix 3Name Loo Si Hui Student ID 25687514 Page 1

Arts Important To The Education Education Essay

Arts Important To The Education Education EssayThe role of the optical humanities in early electric s requirerhood education has retentive been recognised and valued as an essential component of the curriculum. Eckhoff, Angela, 2011 The arts consist of variation of appreciation. The varied forms of art such as dancing, drawing and painting, performance art, sculpturing and many more. The school curriculum has to embrace arts education. Art appreciation hindquarters be inculcate to children at young age. Knowing and understanding of the arts dish up children to express themselves in different creative art forms in which they argon comfortable in.Art nurtures the child to be inventiveness as it engages the child in a process that helps in the development of self-esteem, self-discipline, cooperation, self-motivation and problem-solving. Childrens self-esteem will improve as there is no right or wrong in self-creative creation. In this way, children are able to complete task with self-discipline. They practise how to complete a nibble of work with patience. As the task assigned in an art lesson is normally engaging, whether it is to complete a drawing or memorize a dance, the children would unknowingly establish a positive attitude towards completion of the task. The young learners also bear the opportunity to practise social skills through co-operative learning. For instance, the children could partner one another and dance to the music. They could even perform a simple skit together during a lyric and drama lesson. As the child discovers the love in arts, they would also become self-motivated and freely express themselves in the different forms of arts.In co-operative learning, it is inevitable that each child will have different opinions and thoughts. In order to complete the task allocated, they would have to learn how to respect one anothers view. This is part of the process of problem-solving while accomplishing a group assignment together. Each ch ild will have to communicate in a variety ways to express their thoughts and produce the art piece they want it to be or the way they want to express themselves in a play. The young learners will pick up delectationful life skills to bring in problems independently.The belief that art education should encourage the childs creativity, imagination, and expression did not mean that all previous pedagogies were replaced. (Jolley, 2010) Imagination helps children with expression in dancing and also helped in language acquisition to find the correct vocabulary to describe their expression. A childs creativity should not be obstructed or corrected by the adults or educators.2 forms of artIn terms of aesthetic and creative education, dance has much to share with drama, music and the visual arts. (Davies, 2003) A dance is an practise that inescapably time to practise and gain experience. A dance performance involves choreographing of movements with a music or composing of a musical piece for a dance. do can be taken to mean to do, to show, to dance, creating as making, trying out, or composing, while appreciation is the outcome of watching, viewing, talking rough and drawing about dance. (Davis, 2003) The activity could be an expressive dance in a drama played by the students. This class activity could elicit responses from children by initiating a discussion how the characters should dance, the tolerant of facial expressions, choosing the right piece of music to express the mood of the scene and the movements to go along with the music. Children would have trials and errors along the way in the making and appreciating in every part of the dance drama they have created. In terms of dancing consist of being a creator or maker, a dish or spectator or as a doer or performer. (Davies, 2003) Hence, it is a great platform for children to practise problem-solving skills. The children would be fascinated when they are minded(p) a role to play. They would take pride in their roles and responsibilities so it would cultivate self-motivation. Self-esteem could be developed in the process of demonstrating the required skills. There are many opportunities for praises and constructive feedback to individuals to support them in self-discovery.Certain movement ideas frequently used by in informal situations seem to belong together and can be utilised in dance. (Davis 2003) Educators on their part, they can facilitate the students by guiding exploring different ideas of movement such as running and leaping, turning and twisting, woful and stopping suddenly. Children will be able to choose the right movement they would want to include into their dance. Educators may also guide children choosing the instrument they would like to use for the movement using different sounds. For example, the sound of the fast ringing bells can be the movement of running. Dancing is tapping on kinaesthetic intelligence where the child could learn through body movements. Thro ugh practice and hard work, the children could perform certain body movements confidently. They would improve in self-esteem as they successfully perform the sought after body movements.Another form of art is drawing. Drawing from observation still represents a key component of statutory art education for children aged 5 to 14 years of age. (Jolley 2010 ) Drawing involves imagination and creativity and expression. Drawing helps children to express their thoughts with different kinds of lines and shapes. It encourages the young minds to be independent problem solvers as they have to determine on the kind of drawings they want to produce.Observation also plays an important part in drawing. For example, children may observe a stalk of flower or the movements of the glom when the wind blows and draw the expression of what they have observed using different lines. For example, curvy lines, straight lines and zig-zag lines. Once children are allowed to make representational drawings, r ather than unmingled line and shape, they are often directed towards forms of subject matter such as cubes, cones, prisms, and so on, whether copies from pictures of three-dimensional models. (Jolley,2010) Children may also move to a higher(prenominal) level to explore drawing representational drawings with their imagination. Drawings are one of the best ways to document the imaginations of the learners. It allows the opportunity for educators to encourage the children through guidance and improve self-motivation and self-esteem.Educators may guide children by introducing the drawing of different lines such as horizontal line, vertical line, wavy line and spiral line. Students will then apply what they have learnt in their drawings. Students will also need to be given opportunities to observe the environment around them , space for creativity and imagination. Children are then taught to draw more controlled lines. (Jolley, 2010) In this case, children are expect to have the discipl ine to practise the skills of drawing straight lines.5. arts education in the curriculum planning.According to the Ministry Of Education, Singapore, Kindergarten Curriculum lapse (KCG), aesthetics and creative expression is being part of integrated learning in the holistic development of the child. In the school planning, it has to include the childrens experiences in visual arts, music and movement allow children to be expressive, creative and imaginative. (Kindergarten Curriculum Guide, 2008) Therefore, it is essential to plan the schools curriculum according to the framework and arts will not be left out.In the schools curriculum, children are also taught to learn appreciation of visual arts and musical instruments. Children will be given chance to discuss about their own art works such as describing the lines , colours and shapes used. (Kindergarten Curriculum Guide) Children will also be given opportunity to appreciate, learn and explore the different sounds made by the instru ments. It is the ministry effort to promote holistic education and the emphasis of the importance of arts education in pre-school curriculum.Teachers are the drivers for success implementation of a well-developed school-based curriculum. It is only beneficial if schools encourage teachers to attain subject mastery through professional development.ConclusionIn a nutshell, we must value the importance of arts education as it develops the young learners in a fun and engaging manner. It helps to look into the childs development in the different areas such as self-esteem, self-discipline, cooperation, self-motivation and problem-solving.

CRM in the telecom industry

CRM in the telecom constancyCh 6 (Discussion ) Conclusion ( future recommendations) Leading companies with competitive advantage examine their success by listening to customers in order to understand their needs and in turn, offering the best solution/product possible. This is essentially customer service, and this is what differentiates companies in the marketplace. guest descent management systems capture customer activity and offer business a process whereby to measure and manage customer interaction. Social media encourages participation in an open community environment where employrs can shargon information and make comments in a two way conversation that connects people, sites and resources. Combining Customer relationship management systems and mixer media will give businesses an opportunity to partake in real customer interaction and help them to improve their product and services from feedback post on social media. Telecommunication pays a significant role in connecti ng friends and family and is a major customer oriented business, so it is essential for the telecom industry to engage customers by using social media within its customer relationship management system.The main objective of this thesis was to find the level of sensory faculty of social media in mobile phone subroutiners in Pakistan and to emphasize how social media can be used to the benefit or detriment of companies.Second objective of this thesis was to find the problem faced by the current implementation of CRM in telecom industry and what ar the basic actions taken by the organization to respond these problems but on the other hand customer experience is changed by the social media revolution and they are becoming more interactive with companies therefore it is important to find what telecom industry in Pakistan is doing to capture this rich customer experience using social media. After break downing the literary works, a series of problems were determine specific to CR M in the telecom industry, such as dirty data problems, adaptation by end drug user and security and fraud. Beside these, CRM experts overly emphasize the use of social media in CRM and depict it as CRM 2.0. Hence, the challenge was to highlight the importance of social media with respect to the telecom industry and to analyze CRM 2.0 with respect to problems faced by the current CRM. To achieve this task, a survey was conducted to find the awareness of social media and the customer satisfaction level in the mobile phone consumer in Pakistan. Interviews were also conducted to find what telecom companies were doing to take root the problem of CRM and their views about the CRM 2.0. The subsequent section will summarize the life-cycle of this research.This study began with research questions regarding the new concept of CRM, which as moreover has not been introduced into business, and of which there is no existing example. The first question was to find the benefits of CRM 2.0 for the telecom industry. However, after studying literature and analyzing the main component of CRM 2.0 which is social media, the study had to slightly adjust its research question to finding awareness of social media in the consumers of the telecom industry in Pakistan along with customer satisfaction.This social media allows consumers to mother content which has revolutionized all previous concepts of business and consumer interaction. Therefore it was necessary to adjust research question and come up with question which will enrich the context of use of this research and provide additional benefits, which proves that consumers in Pakistan are also aware to social media. Therefore the new question is to find awareness to social media among the consumers and to find relationship between the social media and customer satisfaction.In the previous section, findings of the literature review were analyzed, and the survey and interviews mapped to find a suitable answer. The findings of t he consumer survey revealed that 92.5% of the responding population was richly aware of social media and using it in their daily lives. This result is again canvassed by using binomial test to confirm our hypothesis. The result of the test illustrates that 74% of the population are aware of 4 or more types of social media. Both results show that there is very high level of awareness of social media in the population of Pakistan.To discover the relationship between social media and customer satisfaction, the Pearson product Moment correlation was used for calculation with the result that a positive correlation between the social media and customer satisfaction was found. This meant that consumers could use social media against companies if their satisfaction level was low or vice-versa.The second question touch on the problem of whether in achieving quality customer data, adaptations by the end user will be solved by new CRM. After studying literature and conducting interviews, it was clear that dirty data is a persistent issue and there is a high probability of these issues occurring in the new CRM 2.0. However, companies have in-house tools which could help them to resolve this problem. This study also found that these issues occurred due to layered architecture in the enterprise system and there is a high chance that CRM 2.0 will use a different architecture and we strongly recommend that before starting the CRM 2.0 initiative organization must keep in consideration of these two issues.In the case of user adaption, frequent training is the answer to this problem and results show that the companies have developed improved mechanized methods to undertake staff training, which has helped to minimize user adaption problems. The same methods can be used for CRM 2.0.The third question on data security and fraud reduction methods was put to the companies. This research found in accordance to Gates (2007), that Web 2.0 provides a relationship-based and fine-grain ed technique to provide security. From interview, it was also deduced that both telecom companies have security and fraud reduction methods which are managed by a separate department. Secondly CRM provides a wide range of security techniques such as password security, profile-based access levels and audit trails. The technology touch by Gates (2007) and current method of security used in the organizations can be used in CRM 2.0.Finally, the title of this thesis is Customer in Control. The study has found that the customer is ready to start a conversation and is ready to form an online community to help companies receive better feedback about their products. However, companies are not ready to listen to the customer because they only consider social media as another marketing tool.

The Impact of The Media Throughout History Essay -- The Media

Media has a huge impact on the shaping of the world. For centuries, in all parts of the world, media has been the of import source of transporting news and great use for public out cries. Media has helped shaped the modern world since the 1400s until today. The media comes in many different sources from books, to radio, to television. I get out focus on the effectiveness the media has on the world throughout history in religious, political and social context.The first printing press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1436. Johannes Gutenberg was a goldsmith and businessman from a small town Mainz in southern Germany. This printing press had adjustable wooden or metal earn and was called the Gutenberg press. It wasnt completely finished until 1440. This press helped the production of books but it also helped with communication with the sciences, arts and religion departments through text. The Gutenberg Bible was the first book to be printed from this printing press in 1452. In 1 517, Western Europe there was controversies in religion between Catholics and the Protestants. Martin Luther was a Christian theologian and Augustinian monk who animate the Protestant Reformation with his teaching. He had intolerance for the Roman Catholic Churchs corruption of Halloween during this period. He used the printing press to create the 95 Theses of Contention to the Wittenberg Church. He believed in finding peace with God and prayer for others souls. The 95 Theses of Contention challenged the views of religion within the Roman Catholic Church. It mentions the nature of the Catholics amends for wrong, it questioned the authority of the pope and the convenience of gratification. He eliminated some practices of the Catholic Church by onl... ...re. Act of Uniformity 1559. 8 May 2010. 3 May 2012 .Kipling, Rudyard. The White Mans Burden. England, 1899.Locke, John. The Second Treatise of Government. Macmillan Publishing Company, 1952.Paine, Thomas. Common Sense. Kramnick, I saac. Penguin Books. England, 1774. 71-100.Williams, Ernest E. Global Competition. Henemann, William. Made in Germany. London, 1896. 1-18.http//www.greatsite.com/timeline-english-bible-history/martin-luther.htmlhttp//inventors.about.com/od/gstartinventors/a/Gutenberg.htmhttp//www.whplibrary.org/newandnoteworthy/2011/02/first_magazine_published_in_am.htmlhttp//massmoments.org/moment.cfm?mid=278http//merriam-webster.com/info/noah.htmhttp//inventors.about.com/od/rstartinventions/a/radio.htmhttp//inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/Television.htm

Similarities between Business & Military Strategy Essay -- War and Bus

The Art of War and todays business engender many common characteristics. Sun Tzu has analyzed warfare from different angles akin moral laws, time period, chances of life and death, skills of the commander and the maintaince of the army. The same analyses can be made for todays business environment. War is a position where only the strong have the ability to survive, or at least the stronger ones have the higher probability to survive. Similarly todays business environment and the character of business people, their agressiveness, motivation, stress are all similar to ancient soldiers and commanders. The comparisons between war and business life are similar in five ways. These are the way, the weather, the terrain, the leadership and dicipline. First of them is the way. In war the way you have to avoid from the strong andstrike at weak. Therefore at the beginning when you want to grow your business you dont neet to challange stronger rivals at fres hman, you have to grow first by challanging the weak rivals in the busin...